GLAUCOMA

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GLAUCOMA

• Sneak Thief of Sight

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GLAUCOMA

• 13 of the blind in India have been blinded due
  to Glaucoma

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It may be
YOU
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GLAUCOMAPATIENT EDUCATION

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Glaucoma The Disease

• Caused by increased pressure of fluid in the eye
• The fluid is known as aqueous humor.
• Aqueous humor is not same as tears, which bathe
  the outside of the eye.
• Aqueous humor maintains the normal shape of the
  eyeball and nourishes its internal structure

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Glaucoma The Disease
Lens
Normal Drainage Picture
The Trabecular meshwork is the eyes drain
The Ciliary Body is the eyes faucet or tap
where fluid is made
When this drainage of the fluid gets blocked,
excess pressure is formed leading to Glaucoma
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Glaucoma Symptoms
Most patients with Glaucoma, especially Primary
Open Angle Glaucoma are asymptomatic i.e. without
any symptoms, until late in the course of
disease. However, certain patients may have
symptoms such as pain, redness, halo vision,
blurred vision.
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Halo around lights
SYMPTOMS

Red eye, pain in the eye,
Blurred vision
Vision loss
Tunnel vision
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Glaucoma Symptoms
Reduced side vision, central vision intact
Tunnel vision
Normal vision
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How common is glaucoma and who gets it?

• Any one at any age can get glaucoma, but the
  older you are the more likely you are to get it.
• People above 45 years are more likely to get
  Glaucoma.

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Who is most likely to get glaucoma?

• You are more likely to get glaucoma if you
• Have family members with glaucoma
• Are over 45 years of age
• Have poor vision
• Have diabetes
• Take steroid medication
• Previous eye injury.

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Glaucoma Types of Glaucoma
Lens
Chronic orPrimary OpenAngle Glaucoma
Clogged Drainage holes
The angle between the iris and the cornea is
normal, but the drainage holes get clogged from
the inside.
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Glaucoma Types of Glaucoma
Lens
Acute AngleClosure Glaucoma
Blocked Drainage holes
The angle is narrower than normal. If fluid cant
flow easily through the opening in the pupil, the
iris pushes forward and blocks the drainage holes.
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How can I find out if I have glaucoma?

• A series of test performed by your eye doctor
  will help to determine whether you have glaucoma
  or likely to develop glaucoma.

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Glaucoma Diagnosis
1st History and General Examination
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Glaucoma Diagnosis

• 2nd Tonometry
• Measurement of I.O.P.
• Schiotz tonometry
• Applanation tonometry
• Non contact tonometry

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Glaucoma Diagnosis
Applanation Tonometry
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Glaucoma Diagnosis
3rd OphthalmoscopyExamination of optic disc
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Glaucoma Diagnosis
4th GonioscopyMeasurement of anterior chamber
angle
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Glaucoma Diagnosis
5th PerimetryActual measurement of visual
field looking for any dark areas in field of
vision
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How is glaucoma treated?
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Treatment Options
Pills
Eye drops
Combination method
Laser surgery
Eye operations
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Glaucoma Treatment
MEDICAL
Lens
Drugs increase conventional outflow.
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Glaucoma Treatment
MEDICAL
Lens
Drugs reduce production of fluid in the eye.
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• The purpose of treatment is to prevent further
  loss of vision.
• This is important because loss of vision due to
  glaucoma is irreversible.

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Glaucoma Treatment
SURGERY Trabeculectomy
Lens
Sclera
New Drain
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Glaucoma Treatment
SURGERY Trabeculoplasty
Lens
Open Drainage hole
Laser
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Glaucoma Treatment
Making a tiny opening in the iris with a laser
allows fluid to drain freely
SURGERY Iridotomy
Laser
Lens
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Will I go blind because of glaucoma?

• If glaucoma is left untreated, damage increases,
  which may eventually lead to blindness.

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Therefore, you should have
Regular eye examinations
Regular intake of medications as instructed by
the ophthalmologist
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How often should I get my eye examined
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Does diet, exercise, or changein behaviors help?

• Exercise may be beneficial as it
• Lowers eye pressure
• Improves blood flow to the optic nerve.
• Avoid smoking or second-hand smoke.
• Tobacco can worsen the disease.

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Dos and Donts of Glaucoma

• Stock the medicine before they run out it is
  important to continue medication on schedule
• If more than one drug is used, wait for 10
  minutes between drops
• Do not increase the number or amount of
  medication taken at one time.
• Do not stop taking medication just because you
  have no obvious symptoms

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Dos and Donts of Glaucoma

• Take all prescribed doses.
• Remember to take medications with you when you
  travel
• Learn how to take eye drops properly ask your
  doctor for help
• Maintain a record with your medication schedule
  and lists of treatments and doctors

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Remember

• Treatment for glaucoma requires a team made up
  of both you and your doctor (ophthalmologist)
• Your doctor can prescribe treatment for glaucoma,
  but only you can make sure to put your eye drops
  regularly
• Do not stop taking or changing your medications
  without first consulting your doctor
  (ophthalmologist)
• Frequent eye examinations and tests are critical
  to monitor your eyes for any changes
• Remember,

It is your vision, and therefore its your
responsibility to maintain it