ANATOMY OF A NEURON

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ANATOMY OF A NEURON

• A. INTRODUCTION
• 1) Neurons conduct electrical impulses.
• a) Specialized cells with interesting
  modifications.

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• B) STRUCTURE
• 1) Perikaryon - cell body of the neuron, gray.
• 2) Dendrites - small branches which bring
  impulses to neuron (afferent).

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• 3) Axon - carry impulses away from neuron
  (efferent), white.
• 4) Myelin sheath -insulating layer around
  axon
• 5) Schwann cells - produce myelin sheath.
• 6) Neurilemma - living layer of Schwann cell.
  

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• 7) Nodes of Ranvier - gaps between Schwann
  cells.
• 8) Telodendria - branches at end of axon.
• 9) Synaptic knobs - at end of telodendria
• 10) Collateral branches - split off axon.

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• 11) Connective tissue around axon.
• a) endoneurium around axon.
• b) perineurium around fasiculus.
• c) epineurium around multiple fasiculi.

epineurium
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• C) CLASSIFICATION OF NEURONS
• 1) By structure - number of extensions from
  perikaryon.
• a) multipolar - 1 axon, many dendrites.
• b) bipolar - 1 axon, 1 dendrite
• c) pseudounipolar - 1 axon, no dendrite (grew
  together)

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• 2) By function
• a) sensory (afferent) -bring impulses towards
  CNS.
• b) motor (efferent) - take impulses away from
  CNS.
• c) internuncial - neurons in the CNS.

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