Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM) Derived Varieties

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Germplasm Enhancement of Maize Project (GEM)
Derived Varieties
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

• M.H. Blanco1, C.A.C. Gardner1, W. Salhuana2, and
  N. Shen1
• 1 USDA-ARS and 2 Retired Pioneer Fellow and GEM
  TSG Chair

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GEM Mission Statement

• The objective of the GEM Project is to develop
  and provide to the public adapted germplasm lines
  via germplasm enhancement of useful exotic
  germplasm. The adapted materials are
  incorporated into research and breeding programs
  that will increase the diversity of U.S. corn
  germplasm, improve its performance, and provide
  new and better products to the American consumer.

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Countries Belonging to the Latin American Maize
Project (LAMP)

• Argentina
• Bolivia
• Brazil
• Columbia
• Chile
• Guatemala

• Mexico
• Paraguay
• Peru
• United States
• Uruguay
• Venezuela

LAMP began in 1987, funded by Pioneer Hi-Bred
Int., Inc., and administrated by the USDA-ARS.
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GEM Objectives

• Manage an extensive multi-site cooperative
  breeding (and trial network) and information
  sharing with public and private cooperators.
• Develop genetically enhanced populations and
  lines (early generation S2 and S3 focus) from GEM
  breeding crosses.
• Evaluate genotypes in the breeding program for
  yield, agronomic traits, silage, biotic and
  abiotic stress (including mycotoxins), and
  value-added traits.
• Conduct research relevant to high priority maize
  germplasm traits and performance.

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Private GEM US Cooperators

• AgReliant Genetics, LLC
• BASF Plant Science Breeding, L.L.C
• Beck's Superior Hybrids, Inc.
• Benson Seed Research, LLC
• FFR Cooperative
• Garst Seed Company
• Golden Harvest Seeds, Inc.
• Hoegemeyer Enterprises
• Illinois Foundation Seeds, Inc.
• Monsanto Company

• Mycogen Seeds
• National Starch and Chemical Co.
• NC Hybrids
• PAU Seeds, Inc.
• Pioneer Hi-Bred Int., Inc.
• Professional Seed Research, Inc.
• Schillinger Seeds
• SEEDirect
• Syngenta Seeds, Inc.
• Wyffels Hybrids

Entities with representatives currently serving
on the GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG).
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Public US Cooperators

• Cornell University
• Iowa State University
• Louisiana State University
• Michael Fields Agricultural Institute1
• North Carolina State University
• North Dakota State University
• Ohio State University
• Texas AM University
• The University of Tennessee

• Truman State University
• University of Delaware
• University of Illinois
• University of Nebraska
• University of Wisconsin
• USDA-ARS (Ames, IA)
• USDA-ARS (Columbia, MO)
• USDA-ARS (Mississippi State, MS)
• USDA-ARS (Raleigh, NC)

1 Non-Government Organization (NGO) Entities
with representatives currently serving on the TSG.
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International Cooperators

• AgriSource Co., Ltd., Thailand
• Agrotuniche, Chile
• EMBRAPA1, Brazil
• Hyland Seeds, Canada
• INTA2, Argentina

• Maharlika Genetics, Mexico
• Nidera, Argentina
• Sursem S.A., Argentina
• The University of Guelph, Canada

1 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa, Agropecuaria
(EMBRAPA) Brazil 2 Instituto Nacioanal de
Tecnologia Agropecuaria (INTA) Argentina
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GEM Trait Targets

• Agronomic adaptability- yield, lodging, grain
  moisture, and Y/M
• Abiotic stress tolerance drought, heat, and
  interacting biotic stresses
• Ear mold and mycotoxin resistance (aflatoxin and
  fumonisin)
• Disease resistance (emphasis on stalk rots, and
  leaf blights that impact stalk rots)
• Insect resistance (emphasis on corn root worm and
  corn ear worm impacting quality and mycotoxins)
• Value-added traits (VATs)
• Grain (proteingt13, oilgt6, and starchgt75)
• Silage yield quality

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GEM Pedigree Protocol
Pedigree Status Accession First Cross Second Cross
CUBA164S20 50 tropical B.C. CUBA164 SS 20 NA
CUBA164S2012 25 tropical B.C. CUBA164 SS 20 SS 12
CUBA164S2012-444 S1 ear 444      
CUBA164S2012-444-1 S2 ear 1      
CUBA164S2012-444-1-B S3 "bulk"      
Legend SS12 is stiff stalk inbred-company 12 SS 20 is stiff stalk inbred-company 20 Legend SS12 is stiff stalk inbred-company 12 SS 20 is stiff stalk inbred-company 20 Legend SS12 is stiff stalk inbred-company 12 SS 20 is stiff stalk inbred-company 20 Legend SS12 is stiff stalk inbred-company 12 SS 20 is stiff stalk inbred-company 20 Legend SS12 is stiff stalk inbred-company 12 SS 20 is stiff stalk inbred-company 20
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GEM Breeding Protocol Flowchart
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(No Transcript)
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Field Resources Required
Populations Rows Needed Rows Needed Rows Needed Rows Needed Rows Needed
Scenario 1 S1 Nursery S2 Nursery Seed Increase ISO Rows Trial Plots
10 (in winter) 500 --- 600 --- ---
20 (in summer) 1000 7500 --- 3600 11400

Scenario 2 S1 Nursery S2 Nursery Seed Increase ISO Rows Trial Plots
20 (in winter) 1000 --- 1200 --- ---
40 (in summer) 2000 15000 --- 7200 22800
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GEM Germplasm Releases (105 Lines Total)
Year Lines Released Institution Germplasm Attributes
2001 1 USDA-ARS, IA GEM 001 is resistant to 1st brood ECB
2002 28 USDA-ARS, IA 25 and 50 exotics temperate adapted
2002 2 U. Delaware 50 exotic resistance to anthracnose stalk rot and gray leaf spot
2002 30 NC State U. 50 exotics temperate adapted
2002 1 Ohio State U. GEMS-0002 is 50 exotic good grain quality, earlier than B73
2003 16 USDA-ARS, IA 25 50 exotic temperate adapted, VAT
2003 8 NC State U. 50 exotics earlier flowering
2004 2 Texas AM U. 25 exotic stress tolerance, good GCA
2004 1 U. Wisconsin 25 exotic high yielding silage with superior nutritional quality
2004 9 USDA-ARS, IA 25 exotic temperate adaptation, VAT
2004 7 NC State U. 50 exotics earlier flowering
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Released GEM Lines to the Public to Date
Pedigree Derivation Comments
GEMS-0001 PI 503806 x B94///B94 First gen. ECB resistant (non-DIMBOA)
GEMS-0002 FS8A(S)S09-43-2 Early SS stress tolerant
DE 3 DKXL212N11a-191 Good protein GCA
DE 4 DKXL212N11a-365 GLS resistant GCA
Tx 204 AR01150N0406 Stress tolerant GCA
Tx 205 AR01150N0406 Stress tolerant GCA
UW EX 01 AR17026N1019 Silage yield and quality
Projected for release in spring, 2005, by J.
Coors, U. of WI.
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Expt. 02122 (6 Locations) with Tester LH200xLH198
in Year 2002
Pedigree Yield Moist Y/M Stalk Lodge Root Lodge
BARBGP2N08a18-332-1 176.2 20.0 9.1 9.4 3.1
Test Entry Means 145.2 21.9 6.8 7.1 4.8
Check Means 174.2 20.9 8.5 8.1 4.3
CV 13.2 6.1
LSD (p0.05) 22.5 1.5
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Expt. 046011 (8 Locations) with Tester LH198 in
Year 2004
Pedigree Yield Moist Y/M Stalk Lodge Root Lodge
BARBGP2N08a18-332-1-B 183.1 19.7 9.4 1.9 1.0
Test Entry Means 175.4 19.7 9.0 2.1 2.4
Check Means 202.1 19.8 10.4 3.3 1.2
CV 9.6 6.5
LSD (p0.05) 16.7 1.3
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Quality Traits of 9 GEM Lines Released to GEM
Cooperators in 2005
Pedigree Country (race) VAT
BARBGPN08a18-332-1-B Barbados (Tusón)
CH05015N1502-86-1-B Chile (Camelia) gt14 protein
CHIS775S1911b-120-1-B-B Mexico (Tuxpeño) High TpG
DK212TN11a12-191-1-B Thailand (comm. DK)
DKB844S1601-73-1-B-B Mexico (comm. DK) Low TpG, low PHI, and wide RnG
DREP150N2011d-624-1-B Domin. Rep. (Mixed) gt14 protein
UR11003S0302-1011-1-B Uruguay (Dente Branco) Narrow RnG
DKB844S1601-3-2 Mexico (comm. DK) gt14 protein, Low TpG, low RnG, high R,
CH05015N1204-57-1 Chile (Camelia) gt14 protein gt4.5 oil
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GEM Field Day Demo
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Silage Yield Quality of EX 01 Grown in
Wisconsin in 2004
Hybrid Yield (t/ac) Milk/ac (lbs) CP () NDF () IVD () NDFD () Starch ()
EX01 (U. W.) 10.8 38300 7.3 48 82 62 30
Mean (42 hybrids) 9.9 34300 7.4 48 81 60 31
LSD (0.10) 0.8 3600 0.4 3 1 1 3
UW EX01 AR17026N1019-65008-2-3-2-1-1 X
LH244 CP Crude protein NDF Neutral detergent
fiber IVD in vitro digestibility NDFD
Neutral detergent fiber digestibility Jim Coors,
2004.
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Fusarium/Fumonisin Results
  Rot Fumonisin
Pedigree kernels rotted ppm
2011-01_SE32_S17_F2S4 0.6 0.1
NC244 2.4 0.3
CUBA164S2008a-157-1-B-B 2.0 1.4
AR16035S19-285-1-B 2.7 1.5
PASCO14S0105-198-1 2.1 1.6
CUBA164S1511b-325-1-B 1.8 1.6
UR13085N0215-21-1-B-B-SIB 1.8 2.4
NC336 21.9 35.9
Avg. (52 entries) 6.3 6.4
LSD(0.05) 11.3 13.4
J. Holland, USDA-ARS, NC, 2003
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Percent Aspergillus Ear Rot and Aflatoxin Level
of GEM Lines
Pedigree 2003 aflatoxin Ng/g 2004 aflatoxin Ng/g 2 year mean ear rot ()
Mp313E 9 13 8
Tuxpan 20 442 5
2283-01_XL380_S11_F2S4 24 217 5
2250-01_XL370A_S11_F2S4 24 163 5
2250-02_XL370A_S11_F2S4 25 392 5
2258-03_XL380_S11_F2S4 48 239 5
LSR/ LSD a0.05 6 2 13
Grand mean (96 inbreds) 546 1309 23
Coefficient of Variation 18 8 44
M. Clements, USDA-ARS, Mississippi State, MS,
2004.
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GEM Breeding Crosses with Resistance to the Corn
Rootworm in 2003
Pedigree Race families selected1 Location
AR17056N2025 Cristalino Colorado 2 IL
BR52051N04 Dente Amarelo 7 MO
CHIS775N1912 Tuxpeño 14 MO
CUBA117S1520 Argentino 2 IL
DK212TS11 Comm. Hybrid 10 MO
UR13085N0215 Cateto Sulino 4 MO
1 Families showing significantly lower root
damage rating than the resistant check,
NGSDCRW1(S2)C4-15-2S2(S1). M. Bohn (U of IL) and
B. Hibbard (USDA-ARS, Columbia, MO), 2003.
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Summary/Benefits of GEM

• Germplasm contribution of LAMP and private
  companies
• Cooperative wide scale evaluation and development
  efforts
• Unique germplasm and traits being identified
• Technology transfer-germplasm and information
• GEM serves a large number of stakeholders from
  different sectors and countries

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Future Challenges and Direction

• Identify and utilize useful allelic diversity by
  tapping into more races
• How should GEMs resources be allocated-sampling
  new races vs. focusing on existing races
• What breeding methodology research will be needed
  to effectively utilize allelic diversity?
• UDEL single seed descent research to save
  resources
• UWI pop development of CUBA164 as SS silage
  base
• Explore and implement new genomic and genetic
  technologies through effective partnering
• Address targeted questions or hypotheses related
  to gene function, mol breeding, etc.
• GEMs role provide germplasm for well
  constructed studies
• Issues target traits? races? pop structure,
  candidate genes
• How does GEM best serve stakeholders to maximize
  benefits, and broaden the germplasm base?

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Acknowledgements

• USDA-ARS, Ames, IA Sue Duvick, Quality traits
  lab manager Andy Smelser, Agriculture research
  technician
• USDA-ARS, Raleigh, NC Joe Hudyncia, Southeastern
  GEM coordinator
• North Carolina State University Major Goodman,
  William Neal Reynolds and Distinguished
  University Professor
• GEM cooperators
• GEM Technical Steering Group (TSG)

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GEM ProjectUSDA-ARS
Germplasm Enhancement of Maize

• Thank you for your support!