Independence

1
Independence
2
Venezuela

• Libertador Simón Bolívar
• Declares independence from Spain in 1811
• Volunteer army
• Surprise attack
• Comes through Andes with 2,000 soldiers
• Attacks Bogotá in Colombia and takes control
• Wins independence (1821)

3
Argentina

• José de San Martín
• Declared independence in 1817
• Marched through Andes to Chile
• Combines forces with Bernardo OHiggins
• Meets up with Bolívar in Guayaquil, Ecuador
• Bolívar takes command and wins the Battle of
  Ayacucho, last battle for independence
• Dec. 9, 1824

4
Mexico

• Padre Miguel Hidalgo
• Sept. 16, 1810 grito de Dolores (cry of Dolores)
• Indian and mestizo forces grow to 60,000
• Spanish suppress rebellion in 1811
• Padre José María Morelos leads next revolution
  for 4 years
• Defeated by creole officer Agustín de Iturbide

5
Mexican Independence

• Spain puts liberal group in power
• Creoles join rebellion
• Iturbide becomes leader
• Claims independence in 1821
• Iturbide the emperor is overthrown in 1824
• Region becomes United Provinces of Central America

6
Brazil

• Napoleons invasion forces Prince John and royal
  family escape to Brazil
• Brazil becomes center of Portuguese empire (14
  years)
• Portugal wants to return to colonial rule
• 8,000 sign petition asking for independence and
  Dom Pedro as ruler
• September 7, 1822independence