Medical Emergencies

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Medical Emergencies

• Infectious Diseases

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Topics

• Pathophysiology
• Viral Hepatitis
• HIV
• Tuberculosis
• STDs

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Pathophysiology

• Agent
• Reservoir
• Portal of Exit
• Transmission
• Portal of Entry
• Host of Susceptibility

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Protection

• External Barriers
• Internal Barriers
• Drugs

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Stages of Infectious Disease

• Latent Period
• Communicability Period
• Disease Period

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Viral Hepatitis

• Sudden onset of malaise, weakness, anorexia,
  intermittent N/V, dull RUQ pain, jaundice, dark
  urine
• Three types

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Hepatitis A (HAV)

• Most common type (gt45) in US
• Oral-fecal transmission
• No chronic liver dysfunction
• No chronic carrier state
• No vaccine
• Infection -gt Immunity

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Hepatitis B (HBV)

• Blood borne
• May lead to cirrhosis and death
• Much more common than HIV
• Risk to Health Care 6-30
• HBV vaccination commonly available

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Hepatitis C (HCV)

• Blood borne
• Similar presentation to HBV BUT
• 75 of infections are asymptomatic

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Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)

• Retrovirus which causes Acquired Immunodeficiency
  Disease
• Blood borne
• Stages
• Acute Infection (2-4 weeks)
• Seroconversion (6-12 weeks)
• Asymptomatic Infection (1 - 10 years)
• Symptomatic Infection (AIDS related complications)

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Tuberculosis

• Chronic pulmonary disease
• Droplet borne (Air)
• Susceptibility greatest in kids, geriatrics and
  immunocompromised

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Meningitis

• Inflammation of the meninges
• Bacterial most communicable
• S/S fever, HA, stiff neck, AMS
• Droplet borne (AIR)

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Syphilis

• Bacterial Infection
• Primary Stage (10-90 Days)
• lesion or chancre develops
• Highly contagious
• Secondary Stage ( 2-10 weeks)
• General malaise with possible rash on palms/soles
• Latency (1-40 years)

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Gonorrhea

• Bacterial infection
• Typically localized affects
• painful, burning urination
• purulent discharge

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Herpes

• HSV1 above waist
• HSV 2 below waist
• Primary infection -gt blisters
• Latency
• Recurrence