African American Civil Rights Movement

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African - American Civil Rights Movement
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NAACP

• NAACP National Association for the Advancement
  of Colored People
• founded in 1909 and based in Maryland one of the
  founders was W.E.B DuBois
• The Crisis the groups newspaper founded in
  1910 by DuBois
• run nationally with various chapters in many
  regions
• members such as Ida B. Wells and Henry Moskowitz
• tried to fight Jim Crowism through courts

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• support in Smith vs. Allwright in 1944 ends
  white primary
• fought against Plessy vs. Ferguson (separate but
  equal in 1896)
• won battle of desegregation with Brown vs. Board
  of Education (1954)2
• main event Montgomery Bus Boycott NAACP
  activists helped organising the boycott Rosa
  Parks was a NAACP Member

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• lost influence when SNCC and SCLC came up
• Roy Wilkins, former director, clashed with Dr.
  Martin Luther King
• NAACP was also involved in the Little Rock Nine
• Involved in MOW movement in the 1960s
• fought against lynchings through talks with the
  Congress

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SCLC

• Dr. Martin Luther King was their first president
• founded during the Montgomery Bus Boycott1,
  where King and other ministers showed up to ease
  the situation for Rosa Parks
• consisted of members of different churches all
  fighting for the civil rights cause
• first helped to solve local civil rights
  struggles
• in the 1960s the group got involved with major
  nationwide campaigns (Albany Movement)
• NON- VIOLENT group

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SNCC

• was founded after several students had held
  meetings on the civil rights topic
• played a major role in sit-ins, freedom rides,
  MOW movement and Mississippi Freedom Summer
• protested against segregation
• organised voter registration
• fight for voting rights act was won in 1965
• most prominent president was Stokeley Carmichael

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CORE

• founded in 1942 up to the mid 1960s involved in
  the civil rights movement
• divided into chapters
• based on Mahatma Ghandis Satyagraha (strategy of
  civil disobedience)
• "anyone who believes that 'all people are created
  equal' and is willing to work towards the
  ultimate goal of true equality throughout the
  world"
• James L. Farmer and Freedom Rides in 1961

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• Non-violence to fight segregation
• Civil disobedience as a means to challenge
  segregation
• Journey of Reconciliation in 1947 to ease
  interstate travel and to end segregation during
  travel members were arrested and imprisoned
• Freedom Summer
• MOW and Freedom Summer were organised by this
  group

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NOI

• religious, social and political group founded in
  the 1930s by W. Fard Muhammad
• lead by Elijah Muhammad
• Malcolm X
• improvement of economic, social and spiritual
  conditions of African-Americans

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Deacons for Defense and Justice

• started out in Jonesboro, Louisiana in 1964
• self protection against KKK
• first armed group of black men protecting their
  neighborhood
• eventually formed 21 chapters in Alabama,
  Mississippi and Louisiana
• the groups influence on the CRM declined with
  rising Black Power

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BPP

• founded in Oakland by Huey P. Newton and Bobby
  Seale in October 1966
• Newton and Seale followed Robert F. Williams
  integration and armed black self-defense
• Newton had joined RAM in 1965 ( Revolutionary
  Action Movement)
• Watts Riot, 1965, as a result of police brutality
• protection of African American neighborhoods from
  police brutality

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• 1967, protest against a ban of weapons in
  Sacramento ( the CA capital tried to outlaw
  carrying loaded weapons in public
• newspaper The Black Panther since 1967
• ten point program calling for housing, land,
  bread, education, justice, peace
• focused on socialism
• counterculture of the 1960s
• Huey P. Newtons manslaughter trial started the
  groups ending
• the BPP collapsed in the 1970s infiltrated by
  the FBI

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TIMELINE
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• 1865 13th Amendment officially abolished
  slavery.
• 1868 14th Amendment ratified it granted
  citizenship and equal protection by the law to
  African Americans.
• 1870 Disfranchisement 15th Amendment prevented
  any state to deny the right to vote based on
  race, color or previous servitude (slavery)
  ratified to protect the rights of freedmen after
  the Civil War.

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• Jim Crow De jure segregation was practiced in
  the South. Separate but Equal doctrine was
  enhanced by communities. This lead to many
  disadvantages in treatment of black people.
• De jure and de facto segregation De jure
  segregation means that the state has the right to
  segregate communities, public places such as
  restaurants, schools, water fountains aso.

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• 1896 Plessy vs. Ferguson Landmark decision of
  the United States Supreme Court. It ruled that
  segregation was constitutional under the
  Separate but Equal doctrine.
• 1905 Niagara Movement.
• 1909 NAACP

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W.E.B. DuBois and Booker T. Washington
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• 1942 CORE
• 1944 Smith vs. Allwright
• 1948 Executive Order 9981
• 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education I
• 1954 White Citizens Council
• 1955 Brown vs. Board of Education II
• Dec. 5th 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott

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Rosa Parks

• 1913 - 2005

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• 1957 SCLC
• 1960 SNCC was founded
• 1960 Greensboro Sit-ins
• 1961 Albany Campaign
• August 28th, 1963 March on Washington Movement
• November 22nd, 1963 President John F. Kennedy
  was assassinated in Dallas, Texas.

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J.F.K

• 1917 - 1963

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MOW

• 1963

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• 1964 Freedom Summer
• 1964 Civil Rights Act
• 1965 Assassination of Malcolm X
• 1965 Selma to Montgomery March
• 1965 Voting Rights Act

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Malcolm X
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• 1966 Black Panther Party
• 1967 FBI Cointelpro action
• 1967 Stokeley Carmichael
• April 4th, 1968 Assassination of Dr. Martin
  Luther King in Memphis, Tennessee.

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Dr. Martin Luther King
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Bibliography

• www.Wikipedia.org
• www.civilrightsvet.com
• www.loc.com Library of Congress