Evolution, Objectives, Benefits

1
Evolution, Objectives, Benefits Challenges of
NEPAD and APRM

• by
• Kayode Fayemi, Ph.D.
• Centre for Democracy Devt,
• Lagos, Nigeria

2
What is NEPAD?

• NEPAD is the fusion of the Millennium Partnership
  for African Recovery Programme (MAP) promoted by
  the Presidents of Nigeria, South Africa, Algeria,
  and the Omega Plan proposed by President Wade of
  Senegal.
• It is a set of selected regional priorities and
  development plans which outlined the platform for
  a partnership between Africa, the industrialised
  countries and the International Financial
  Institutions that can address in a concrete and
  operational manner the need for Africas
  effective participation in the processes of
  globalisation and in the growth of the world
  economy as factors of global stability and
  progress.

3
The NEPAD Political Process

• Merger completed on 3 July 2001 (NAI)
• Presentation to the OAU Summit in Lusaka by
  President Wade and approved by Summit on 11 July
  2001
• Mandated the establishment of a Heads of State
  and Government Implementation Committee
• First meeting of HSGIC in Abuja, Nigeria, October
  2001 and name NEPAD adopted

4
NEPAD Principles

• African ownership and leadership
• Anchoring the redevelopment of the continent on
  the resources and resourcefulness of the African
  people
• Accelerating and deepening of regional and
  continental economic integration
• Building the competitiveness of African countries
  and the continent
• Developing a New partnership with the
  industrialised world based on mutual
  accountability

5
NEPAD Priorities

• Peace and Security (management, prevention and
  resolution of conflicts)
• Political Governance and Democracy
• Economic and Corporate Governance
• Human Development, including Health, education,
• Regional infrastructure Energy, Transport, water
  and Sanitation
• ICT

6
NEPAD Priorities contd

• Science and Technology
• Economic integration and intra-African trade
• Market Access, Agriculture and diversification of
  production and exports
• Capital flows

7
NEPAD Structures

• Heads of State and Government Implementation
  Committee (HSGIC)
• Steering Committee
• NEPAD Secretariat

8
What is APRM?

• African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) is a major
  aspect of NEPAD, a self - assessment instrument
  designed to ensure that the policies and
  practices of participating states conform to the
  agreed principles and standards of NEPAD.
• APRM is located under NEPADs "Democracy and
  Political Governance Initiative (DPGI).
• Participating countries agree to an external peer
  review every three years, to assess how well they
  are fulfilling DPGI obligations. Addressed in the
  APRM are conditions for sustainable development,
  among them peace and security, good economic,
  political, and corporate governance

9
Characteristics of APRM

• APRM is a demonstration of African leaders
  aspiration to good governance
• It is a mutually agreed instrument, voluntarily
  acceded to for self monitoring
• It carries neither punishment nor sanction
• Primary mandate is to encourage adoption of
  policies and practices that promote good
  governance in participating countries

10
Thematic areas of APRM

• Democratic and Political Governance
• Economic Governance Management
• Socio-Economic Development
• Corporate Governance

11
APRMs Structure

• APR Forum of Heads of State and Govts of
  participating countries has overall
  responsibility
• APR Panel of Eminent Persons oversees the
  Review Process to ensure integrity
• APR Secretariat provides admin and technical
  support for the process
• APR Partner institutions (UNDP, ADB, ECA)
  provide technical support.

12
APRM Objectives

• The primary objective of APRM is to foster the
  adoption of policies, standards, values and
  practices that will lead to political stability,
  rapid economic growth, sustainable development
  and accelerated sub-regional and continental
  integration, inc consonance with the provisons of
  the NEPAD Framework Document.

13
APRM Objectives contd

• The ultimate objective of APRM is cross-country
  comparisons and peer learning to achieve
  improvement in all aspects and levels of
  governance
• The end product of self assessment and review is
  the National Plan of Action

14
APRM Core Principles

• Political Commitment of participating governments
• National ownership by stakeholders
• Openness, popular participation, transparency,
  inclusiveness and accountability
• Technical competence, credibility and
  independence of review exercise

15
APRM Target Audience

• State Actors National Council of State
  Governors Forum Federal Executive Council
  National Assembly Judiciary Government
  officials.
• Non State Actors Private Sector Civil Society
  Orgs Traditional Rulers Labour Academia, Media
  etc

16
APRM Progress so far

• 26 countries signed up to APRM to date
• Four Summits of APR Forum in Kigali, Algiers,
  Cairo and Abuja
• Country Support Missions in Seven Countries
  Ghana, Kenya, Rwanda, Mauritius, Uganda, Nigeria
  Mozambique
• Ghana and Rwanda received Country Review Teams
  and reports at the Abuja summit of the APR in
  February 2005

17
NEPAD Benefits so far

• Strengthened political will to resolve conflicts
  and promote Good governance as Conditions for
  development
• Laid a strong foundation for Socio-Economic
  Transformation
• Redefine relationship with Industrialised
  Countries and Multilateral Institutions
• NEPAD better understood, featuring prominently in
  workshops, seminars and conferences focussing
  attention

18
NEPAD Benefits contd

• Strengthening political Leadership in conflicts
  resolution
• Strengthening the AU capacity to resolve
  conflicts
• Building peace support operations capability
• Championing of democracy, human rights and sound
  economic and corporate governance across the
  continent

19
Sectoral achievements

• Through CAADP, NEPAD is laying a founda-tion for
  an African Agricultural Revolution.
• Progress on agro-industries and manufacturing.
• Reverse the decline in support to agriculture
• Increased investment in agriculture to 10 of
  national budgets over five years.
• The World Bank has earmarked US 500 million for
  support to agricultural research and technology
  development in Africa.

20
Sectoral achievements contd

• The FAO is supporting the preparation of medium
  term strategies with bankable projects in more
  than 30 African countries.
• The ADB, IFAD, WFP, USAID and EU are scaling up
  their support to agriculture.
• Projects have been launched and resources
  increased to improve the productivity of African
  staple foods, including cassava, bananas and
  NERICA rice.

21
Sectoral achievements contd

• Multi-country infrastructure projects to improve
  competitiveness.
• Market liberalisation and regulatory frameworks
  are being revisited.
• Each Regional Economic Community REC identified
  high priority multi-country infrastructure
  projects for high priority attention.

22
Sectoral achievements contd

• In West Africa, the heads of State have used the
  NEPAD programme to engage both the African
  Development Bank and the World Bank.
• The ADB has approved financing of 9 projects
  amounting to US 580 million. The Bank has
  already financed 8 projects in the STAP amounting
  to US372.5 million.
• The World Bank funding of NEPAD projects amounts
  to US 570 million ( 31 March 2004.)

23
Infrastructures progress contd

• Tangible results are evidenced by progress with
  the implementation of infrastructure projects.
• Examples of projects, financing already approved
  by ADB and/or World Bank include
• Tema-Aflao Rehabilitation Road Project
  Akatsi-Aflao Section
• Arusha-Bamanga-Athi River Road Study
• Railway Network Interconnections in ECOWAS member
  countries (Study)

24
Challenges of sustaining NEPAD

• Political will
• Most important ingredients for success are
  political will, courage and solidarity.
• Adoption of NEPAD principles and strategies by
  national governments and RECs.
• Broadening ownership and participation by all
  African countries and by all stakeholders

25
Challenges contd

• Institutional Weaknesses
• Scaling up resource mobilization and projects
  implementation.
• Need political leadership and technical
  capability to drive the preparation and
  implementation of projects
• Strengthen capacity at both the national and
  sub-regional levels.

26
Challenges contd

• Resource Mobilization
• Expansion of national Poverty Reduction
  Strategic Programmes to include the more
  integrated comprehensive NEPAD sectoral
  programmes.
• Convincing development partners to be flexible
  by allowing countries to expand the PRSPs and to
  offer assistance in achieving this objective.
• Improving coordination and pooling of development
  assistance.

27
Challenges contd

• Resource Mobilization
• Increasing contributions to IDA and ADF and
  creating special envelopes for regional
  integration projects as well as special
  instruments
• Committing to creating a special mechanism for
  simplifying access to increased development
  resources by African countries to ensure that the
  MDGs are met by 2015.
• Mobilisation of domestic and international
  private sector is critical.

28
Conclusion

• NEPAD has reinvigorated and energised development
  in Africa.
• The pace of development is accelerating albeit at
  a pace that is still too slow.
• A foundation is being laid for significant
  scaling up of investment in agriculture,
  infrastructure, education, health, etc.
• In spite of NEPAD though, Africa is nowhere near
  achieving MDGs in 2015.