Acid Base Chemistry

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Acid Base Chemistry
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The Electrolyte family
Acid
Salt
Base
(Water)
Electrolytes conduct electricity
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Properties of Acids
Sour taste
Conduct electricity
Cause indicators to change color
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Properties of Acids
React with bases to form salt and water
React with metals to form hydrogen gas and a salt
H2
NaCl
pH lt 7
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Properties of Bases
Bitter taste
Conduct electricity
Cause indicators to change color
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Properties of Bases
React with acids to form salt and water
Have a slippery or soapy feel
pH gt 7
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Properties of Salts

• Ionic compounds (metal nonmetal) or polyatomic
  ions (Table E)
• Aqueous solutions conduct electricity
• Molten phase conducts electricity
• Solid phase does NOT conduct

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Arrhenius Acid

• DEFINITION
• A substance whose water solution contains
  hydrogen ion H as the only positive ion in the
  solution
• HCl H Cl-

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What is going on?
Recall that a H atom has only one proton and one
electron.
Therefore
H is really just a proton
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What is going on?
What will happen to the H in water H20?
(remember, water is polar)
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Hydronium Ion H3O

• In an acid solution, there are no free H
  ions. They all attach to the H2O molecules to
  make H3O

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Hydronium Ion
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So an Arrhenius acid really forms like this.

• HCl H2O H3O Cl-

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Table K Acids

• HCl hydrochloric monoprotic
• HNO3 nitric
• H2SO4 sulfuric diprotic
• H3PO4 phosphoric triprotic
• H2CO3 carbonic
• HC2H3O2 acetic

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Ways to write an acid

• HCl (aq)
• H Cl-
• H3O Cl-

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Arrhenius Base

• DEFINITION
• A substance whose water solution contains
  hydroxide ion (OH)- as the only negative ion in
  the solution
• NaOH (aq) Na (OH)-

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Table L Bases

• NaOH sodium hydroxide mono hydroxic
• KOH potassium hydroxide
• Ca(OH)2 calcium hydroxide di hydroxic
• NH3(aq) aqueous ammonia
• (NH3 H2O NH4OH(aq))

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Water can be both an acid and a base!!

• H2O H (OH)-

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Strong acids

• All (100) of the H ionize to H
• HCL, H2SO4, HNO3 are all strong acids

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Strong Bases

• All (100) of the OH ionize to (OH)-
• NaOH and KOH are strong bases

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WEAK acids and bases

• Not all the hydrogen ions or hydroxide ions come
  off (ionize) in solution
• Carbonic acid and Phosphoric acids are weak