Unit five

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Unit five

• Dilemma for Science

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• I. Lead In
• II. Read In 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
• III. Practical Reading
• IV. Practical Writing
• V. Listening
• VI. Testing

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• Doctors in France said they had performed the
  world's first partial face transplant, forging
  into a risky medical frontier with their
  operation on a woman disfigured by a dog bite.
•     The 38-year-old woman, who wants to remain
  anonymous, had a nose, lips and chin grafted onto
  her face from a brain-dead donor whose family
  gave consent. The operation, performed Sunday,
  included a surgeon already famous for transplant
  breakthroughs, Dr. Jean-Michel Dubernard.

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• Rapid advances in medical science seem to throw
  up new ethical questions almost every day.
• In a dramatic medical breakthrough, which has
  been compared to science fiction, doctors in
  London have claimed that it would be possible to
  transplant a whole human face by grafting a dead
  person's face on to a living one.

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Questions

• What is science fiction?
• Science fiction is something that you pretend is
  true, although you know that it is not. It
  consists of books and stories about imaginary
  people and events.
• What is this dramatic medical breakthrough
  according to this paragraph?
• Doctors would transplant a whole human face b y
  grafting a dead person's face on to a living one
  .

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• dilemma difficult choice between two (bad)
  things problem
• Examples
•   Her dilemma was whether to stay at home or get
  a job.
•   The doctor's dilemma was whether he should
  tell the patient the truth.

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• rapid happening, moving, or doing something at
  great speed fast
• Examples
•   He made a rapid recovery after the operation.
•   With the rapid development of our economy,
  many highways have been constructed like cobwebs
  all over China .

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• throw up produce bring into existence
• Example
• The discussion has thrown up a lot of interesting
  ideas.

9

• breakthrough an important advance or discovery
  major achievement
• Examples
•   That moment was a breakthrough in his athletic
  career, but he knew he could do better in the
  future.
•   Scientists have made a significant
  breakthrough in the treatment of cancer.

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• fiction stories or novels about imaginary people
  or event
• Examples
•   It is reported that his next fiction will be
  published next month.
•   Reading science fiction is one of his favorite
  hobbies.

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• transplant use an organ to replace a patient's
  diseased organ
• Example
• His hands were badly burned and he had to have
  skin transplanted.

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• Rapid advances in medical science seem to throw
  up new ethical questions almost every day.
• Quick development of medical science seems to
  raise moral questions almost every day.

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• Not in some distant future, but now.
• The breakthrough would greatly benefit people
  disfigured by injury or disease, but doctors
  warned that it had deep psychological
  implications both for the recipient of the new
  face and the family of the donor.
• Anyone living by the slogan Live fast, die young
  and leave a pretty corpse, may soon find
  themselves in hot demand. Unfortunately they're
  unlikely to enjoy the benefits of the attention.

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Questions

• Who would benefit greatly from the breakthrough
  in face transplant?
• Those disfigured by injury or disease .
• What kind of people would be soon in hot demand?
• People who die young with pretty faces would be
  soon in hot demand.
• Why do you think such people would be soon in hot
  demand?
• Because of the possibility of transplanting a
  whole human face on to another person.

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• benefit as a verb do good to
• Examples
•   China 's access to WTO will not only benefit
  China but also benefit all the world.
•   Take this medicine every six hours. It will
  benefit you a lot.
• benefit as a noun anything that brings help,
  advantage, or profit
• Examples
•   What are the chief benefits of exercise?

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• implication something suggested but not
  expressed a possible later effect of an action,
  decision, etc.
• Examples
•   What is the implication of that statement?
•   The journalists discussed the political
  implications of the war.

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• recipient a person who receives something
• Example
• The recipients of the prizes had their names
  printed in the paper.

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• in hot demand in great need
• Example
• Taxis are in hot demand on rainy days.

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• Not in some distant future, but now.
• The possibility of transplanting a whole human
  face by grafting a dead person's face on to a
  living one is not in some distant future, but
  now.

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• Anyone living by the slogan Live fast, die
  young and leave a pretty corpse, may soon find
  themselves in hot demand.
• Anyone living by the slogan Live fast, die
  young and leave a pretty corpse, may soon find
  that many people will want their faces for facial
  transplantation when they die.

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• Unfortunately they're unlikely to enjoy the
  benefits of the attention.
• Unfortunately there is little chance for them
  to enjoy the benefits of such amazing modern
  medical breakthrough as facial transplantation.

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• The prospect of facial transplantation, in which
  a patient would undergo at least 10 hours of
  surgery to receive new skin, bone, lips, chin,
  ears and nose from a donor, may seem more like a
  science fiction plot.
• In the film Face Off, John Travolta, playing a
  special agent, and Nicolas Cage, a master
  criminal swap faces using laser technology. The
  plot revolves around their new identities.

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• But the technique could be misused not only by
  criminals wanting to change their appearance, but
  even by ordinary people who might want to trade
  their looks with a more attractive face.

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• It is a film dedicated to the best action
  adventure of all time, produced by star director
  and action specialist John Woo. To find out,
  where the terrorist Castor Troy (Nicolas Cage)
  hid the bomb, FBI agent Sean Archer (John
  Travolta) undergoes a radical new surgery
  allowing him to switch faces with comatose Castor
  and assume his identity. But when Castor awakens
  and assumes Sean's identity, the real Sean is
  thrust into an unimaginable nightmare fighting
  not only for his own life, but also those of his
  wife (Joan Allen) and daughter.

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Questions

• Why does the author say that facial
  transplantation may seem more like science
  fiction?
• Because it is so long and complex that it could
  only occur in science fiction. A patient would
  undergo at least 10 hours of surgery.
• How could facial transplantation be misused?
• Criminals would make use of facial
  transplantation to change their appearance and
  even ordinary people may use it to get a more
  attractive face .

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• prospect something expected or considered
  probable
• Examples
•   A career with open prospects would give me
  constant incentive to improve myself.
•   He gave up halfway because he didn't see any
  prospect of success.

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• undergo experience pass through
• Examples
•   The world is undergoing complicated and
  profound changes.
•   The mountaineers underwent many difficulties
  before they reached the top of the mountain.

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• agent a person whose job is to represent
  another person, a company, etc.
• Example
• Our agent in Rome deals with all our Italian
  business.

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•   revolve around have as a center or main
  subject
• Example
• The discussion at the moment revolves around the
  feasibility of the project.

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•   identity who or what a particular person or
  thing is
• Examples
•   A traveler's passport established his
  identity.
•   There was no clue to the identity of the
  murderer.

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• It is not a question whether we can do it but
  should we do it. The technology is there but we
  have concerns whether we should use it, said
  Peter Butler, a leading plastic surgeon at the
  Royal Free Hospital in London , who is working on
  face transplant.

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• Not for everyone.
• New microsurgical devices, with better
  anti-rejection drugs, have brought the transplant
  closer to reality.

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Questions

• What is the central problem of facial
  transplantation?
• The problem is whether we can do it, but whether
  we should do it. In other words, it is more a
  moral issue than a technological one.
• What makes facial transplantation possible?
• New microsurgical devices, with better
  anti-rejection drugs .

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• device something made for a particular purpose
• Examples
•   He made a device to make the door shut by
  itself.
•   He invented a device for sharpening pencils.

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• Eight different blood vessels, four arteries and
  four veins, which provide the blood supply to the
  face, would have to be removed, or harvested,
  from the donor.
• A separate team of surgeons would remove, or
  de-glove the face, facial muscles, skin and
  subcutaneous fat from the recipient.

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Questions

• Why is face transplant so complex and difficult?
• Because s o many delicate organs need to be
  removed from the donor before an operation.
• What does the word de-glove mean in this
  context?
• It means to remove.

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• Surgeons said the biggest problem would be
  finding donors and getting relations to consent.
  Once they had the new face, they would begin to
  attach the nerves that control movement and
  feeling in the face. Without successful nerve
  regeneration, transplantation would be useless.
  The blood vessels would also be connected to the
  recipient's vessels, with tiny, microscopic
  stitches.

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Questions

• What is the biggest problem in facial transplant)
  
• The biggest problem would be finding donors and
  getting relations to agree.
• What is probably the most important in facial
  transplantation?
• Nerve regeneration is probably the most important
  because without successful nerve regeneration,
  transplantation would be useless.
• Why is successful nerve regeneration so important
  ?
• Because nerves control movement and feeling in
  the face.

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• consent agreement or permission
• Examples
•   I ought first to have asked your consent.
•   I still can't conceive how you managed to get
  his consent.

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• attach
•   fasten or join
• Examples
• A. Be sure to attach the label to your luggage.
• B. Attached please find a copy of our price list.
  
•   bind by love
• Example
• Christina was so attached to her mother.

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• Butler said though the person receiving a face
  transplant would not look exactly like the donor,
  the texture and tone of the skin and facial
  expressions would be the same
• With the face, it would be a very select group
  of people who would be suitable for this Those
  who have suffered severe facial deformities from
  burns, cancer patients who have had facial
  surgery, or people who have been disfigured in
  accidents could benefit, said Butler.

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Questions

• In what way is the recipient like the donor?
• The recipient's texture and tone of the skin and
  facial expressions would be the same as the
  donor's.
• . Is facial transplantation suitable for
  everyone?
• No. It is suitable for a very select group of
  people.
• What kind of people could benefit from the
  facial transplant?
• Those who have suffered severe facial deformities
  from burns, cancer patients who have had facial
  surgery, or people who have been disfigured in
  accidents could benefit .

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• tone
•   the sound of a voice or of a musical
  instrument
• Examples
•   I don't like you talking to me in that tone.
•   I could hear the sweet tones of a violin in
  the garden.
• shade (of color) degree (of light)
• Example
• The room is furnished in various tones of brown.

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• severe very bad, hard not kind or gentle
• Example
• His recovery from a severe illness was
  surprising.

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• With the face, it would be a very select group
  of people who would be suitable for this
• With the face, it would be a very limited group
  of people who would be suitable for this

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• It comes from a desire to help those who have to
  live with very serious deformities. If the
  reasons behind this are explained fully to the
  public, they may overcome their revulsion.
• But Butler is only too aware that there remains
  considerable public disquiet. He has carried out
  a survey among 120 people. Not one said he would
  be willing to donate his facial features.
• There would have to be a very full public
  debate, he said.

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Questions

• What is implied in the second sentence?
• The public would have a better understanding and
  be willing to accept facial transplant if they
  knew recipients' wish for a normal face and
  doctors' desire to help them.
• What is Butler 's opinion about the future of
  facial transplantation?
• There is a long way to go because the issue needs
  fully discussed by the public.

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• overcome successfully deal with and control a
  problem or a feeling
• Examples
•   With self assurance I will be able to overcome
  any disappointments.
•   The learner of a second language has many
  obstacles to overcome.
•   Finally he overcame his fear of heights.

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• debate a public talk at which people give
  opinions about a subject formal discussion
• Examples
•   After much debate, the motion was put to a
  vote.
•   They had a heated debate on the question of
  capital punishment.

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• Butler is only too aware that there remains
  considerable public disquiet.
• Butler is completely aware that there is much
  public debate on facial transplantation