Energy balance changes in cows and matching calving seasons with forage availability

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Energy balance changes in cows and matching
calving seasons with forage availability

• TIES Seminar
• Kotaro Baba

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1. Tedeschi, L. O., D. G. Fox, M. J. Baker.2004
Unveiling the production efficiency of the beef
cow A systematic approach using nutrition models
modification of paper presented at the NY beef
cattle winter management meeting. Jan.2004

• 2.Reynoso-Campos, O., D. G. Fox, R. W. Blake,M.
  C. Barry,L. O. Tedeschi. C. F. Nicholson, H. M.
  Kaiser, P. A. Oltenacu.2004.
  Predicting nutritional requirements and lactation
  performance of dual-purpose cows using a dynamic
  model. Agricultural Systems. 8067-83

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PAPER 1Tedeschi., L. O., D. G. Fox, M. J.
Baker.2004 Unveiling the production
efficiency of the beef cow A systematic
approach using nutrition models
modification of paper

• Increase beef production
• -Enhance reproduction indexes
• -Enhance nutrition concepts
• -Enhance genetic selection
• - Enhance ranch management

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This paper introduces a model (CVDS) which
Tedeschi is developing.

• The objectives of the model
• Computing the energy requirements of individual
  beef cows each day of the year and simulating the
  growth of the nursing calf given the information
  available
• Computing energy balances for the herd each day
  of the year to evaluate the balance between herd
  numbers and requirements with the forage
  available
• Identifying differences in efficiency among
  individual beef cows in a herd

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The brief description of the model

• This model is based on those developed at Cornell
  as described by
• Reynoso-Campos et al.(2004)
• Fox et al. (1988)

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An evaluation of the model, as the peak milk
yield increases, the weaning weight increases.

• Paste figure 3

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An evaluation of the model, energy efficiency of
the cows

• Paste figure 3 B

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Tedeschi implies

• Forage availability, milk yield, calf growth, and
  calving interval
• -The milk level should be based on forage
  available.

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A practical application of the model
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A practical application of the model
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Hints from the Tedeschis paper for our Yucatan
case

• 1. The milk level should be based on forage
  available.
• 2. Matching breeding and calving seasons with
  availability of forage.

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Reynoso-Campos et al
Reynoso-Campos, O., D. G. Fox, R. W. Blake,M. C.
Barry,L. O. Tedeschi. C. F. Nicholson, H. M.
Kaiser, P. A. Oltenacu.2004. Predicting
nutritional requirements and lactation
performance of dual-purpose cows using a dynamic
model. Agricultural Systems. 8067-83
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• Animal nutrition
• Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein
  System(CNCPS)
• -Milk production
• -ME balance
• -MP balance
• -BW change
• -Changes in Body reserve
• through the reproductive cycle.

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Look at table 1. Page 70-71.

• Table 1 is nicely summarized nutritional
  constraints and strategies for intensifying
  dual-purpose cattle systems in the tropics.
• This table is related to our Yucatan beef project
  very much.

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Objectives of this study 1

• 1.
• Describe a dynamic application of the CNCPS
  model that was developed to account for the
  cyclical changes in energy and protein balances
  that occur during the reproductive cycle of
  dual-purpose cows in the tropics.

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Objectives of this study 2

• 2.
• Demonstrate the use of this dynamic
  application of the CNCPS model in evaluating
  dual-purpose cow performance over the
  reproductive cycle in specific production
  situations.

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Inputs for the simulation

• Crossbred of Holstein x Brahman
• 2nd lactation
• Age --- 65 mo
• CI --- 420days
• Dry periods150 days
• Weight --- 470 kg
• Calf BW--- 31.5 kg
• Temperature
• -Previous 26C
• -Current 26C

• Milk
• -Production 11.5
• kg/day
• -Fat 4.1
• -Protein 3.9
• Rolling herd average
• --- 2500 kg/270 day lactation with the
  CI of 420 days

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Feed information

• Lactating cows
• -Graze forage Star grass (Cynodon
• plectostachyus)
• - 2 kg of commercial supplement
  (Both energy and protein concentrates)
• Non-lactating
• -Only grazed forage

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Chemical components of Star grassJuarez et al.,
1999

• Lactating (fertilized)
• NDF --- 71.6
• CP --- 10
• Lignin 7.3
• NDF digestion rate
• --- 7.0 /h

• Dry (unfertilized)
• NDF --- 78.3
• CP --- 6.6
• Lignin 7.6
• NDF digestion rate
• --- 5.0 /h

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Source , Reynoso-Campos et al.,2004
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Source, Reynoso-Campos et al.,2004
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Source, Reynoso-Campos et al.,2003
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Comparison of ME allowable milk with and without
ME contribution from mobilized body tissue
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Conclusion by Reynoso et al

• The CNCPS analyzes and integrates the
  nutritional and productive performance of cows on
  a dynamic basis throughout a calving interval.
• Changes in the predicted nutritional status of
  animals reflect dynamic, cyclic processes of
  tissue mobilization and repletion associated with
  variation in production requirements and nutrient
  availability during the CI

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Hints from the Reynosos paper for our Yucatan
case

• The CNCPS is a useful tool to monitor energy
  balance through the calving interval.
• The CNCPS can show the tissue mobilization and
  repletion in the prediction of nutrient
  requirement

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My conclusion

• Energy balance, protein balance, and body
  condition score are different from physiological
  stages (early or late lactation, and early or
  late pregnancy), and feed quality and quantity.
  Not accounting for the fluxes of body tissue
  leads to unrealistic predictions of dietary
  requirements.
• It is important to think about forage
  availability, and energy requirements for each
  physiological stage

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