Security Sector Reform

1
Security Sector Reform

• Current Activities in Nepal
• Input to the Peace Support WG on Reintegration,
• Kathmandu, 14 September 2006

2
UK support to Security Sector Reform

• Evolving package, ongoing assistance
• building professionalism of the NA
• rule of law,
• human rights,
• defence in a democracy,
• preparing the NA for cease fire responsibilities
  and enhancing their capability to fulfil their
  roles and responsibilities within a post-conflict
  society
• bomb/mine disposal,
• disaster relief/humanitarian response

3
NA Professionalism, Rule of Law and Human Rights

• Officer training (UK)
• Staff College (UK)
• Management, Defence in a Democracy courses (UK,
  international, in-country)
• International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights
  courses (UK, international, in-country)
• UK initiative to increase capacity and
  effectiveness of the Nepalese Ministry of
  Defence (MOD)

4

• Explosive Ordnance Disposal (EOD) capability
• Detecting, mapping, marking and destruction of
  defensive mines and Improvised Explosive Devices
• Disposal of time expired conventional ordnance
  stocks and explosive remnants of war
• Maintenance of light aircraft surveillance
  capability
• Disaster relief (floods, earthquakes), cease fire
  monitoring? support to UN?

5
UK support (cont.)

• Engineering capability (study to establish the
  use of mechanical plant/training for military and
  civil benefit)
• Effective and internationally compliant defences
  (rather than unstructured IED/mine fields, etc)
• Road construction/repair, earthquake clearance

6
US support to Security Sector Reform

• Center for Civil-Military Relations (CCMR)
  Civil-Military Responses to Terrorism Seminar
• 30 participants representing all security
  services, and reps from the Ministries of Defense
  and Home. 
• Others were invited for some sessions, e.g. a
  dozen new women lieutenants in the session
  "Incorporating Women into the Security Forces,"
  all the DPR's office to the session on "Media
  and the Security Forces," etc.

7
Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS)
Workshop

• Democratic Transition and Security Reform in
  Nepal
• Brought together high-ranking politicians,
  bureaucrats, civil society, and senior officers
  of all the security forces
• Day 1 Nepali academics presented papers on the
  current situation in Nepal
• Day 2 Politicians developed coherent, practical
  goals and objectives
• Day 3 The security forces took that guidance
  from the political leadership and developed
  recommendations on roles, missions, and
  capabilities

8
Asia Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS)
Workshop

• Day 4 Politicians and security forces jointly
  developed a roadmap and milestones for
  implementation
• Day 5 Brig Gen Rana (Chief of Policy,
  Directorate of Military Operations) and Dr.
  Rijal (Nepali Congress-Democratic) jointly
  delivered a formal brief to the Prime Minister's
  Security Advisor and Foreign Policy Advisor
• LTG Smith and the US Ambassador accompanied the
  Nepali team when they briefed the Prime Minister
  at his residence.  Prime Minister
  enthusiastically discussed the workshop's results
  and considered its potential.

9
APCSS - continued

• Nepali APCSS Alumni Association
• APCSS team's focus on the civil-military
  practitioner and emphasis on working towards a
  useful product was key. It had positive impact on
  restoring confidence between the civilian
  leadership and the security forces, strengthening
  civilian control over security forces, and to
  giving security forces a meaningful stake in
  democratic transition

10
Other activities - USG

• About a dozen Mobile Training Teams (MTTs) and
  Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEEs) since
  June. 
• All coordination is done through the MoD to
  reinforce Civilian Control of the SF
• MoD has approved everything - and all training
  teams have met with MoD
• This has helped to reinforced the message that
  we wanted to strengthen the democratic GoN.

11
Future CCMR DRAFT Proposal

• 1. Creation of an "umbrella" program of SSR to
  work with the political leaders, GoN
  representatives, the security forces and civil
  society.
• 2. A series of 1-2 week seminars focused areas
  identified by the GoN and Security Forces in the
  APCSS Workshop
• Democratic Control of the Armed Forces
• National Security Strategy Development
• National Security Council Transformation
• Rule of Law and Human Rights (combined with some
  more Military Police Training),
• Defense Transformation, etc.