Northern Ireland

1
Northern Ireland

• Long Term History of the Troubles

2
What we will learn today

• We will go over the basic overview done last
  lesson.
• Learn some keywords and terminology
• Examine how Ireland became divided in its long
  term history.

3
Ireland in the Middle Ages

• Ireland has always had a close relationship with
  England due to its proximity.
• It one respect this proximity meant Ireland was
  always viewed as a place from which to base an
  invasion!

4
Henry VIII and the Break with Rome

• When Henry VIII created the Church of England in
  1534 he broke away from the Catholic Church.
• He also called himself King of Ireland (Kings
  were usually Lord of Ireland. He did this for a
  reason!

By calling myself King of Ireland, I was telling
other Catholic nations that although Ireland was
Catholic they should not look towards Ireland as
a place for help and support in fighting against
me!
5
Consequences for Ireland

• Many Catholic countries disliked the actions of
  Henry and the following Protestant rulers so
  there was much tension.
• Elizabeth I, strengthened her control over
  Ireland with a series of military campaigns.

6
The Plantation of Ulster
Task How would you feel if you were a Catholic
farmer removed from your land or had to given to
an English Protestant?

• In 1610, to build on the strengths already made
  in Ireland there was a policy of plantation.
• Plantation was to encourage Protestants to move
  to Ireland and take Catholic land.
• Scottish Presbyterians tended to settle in what
  is now Northern Ireland.

7
Rebellions and Cromwell
Such was the violence and sheer horror used to
put down the rebellions in Ireland that even
today Cromwell is seen as a bogey-man of Irish
folk-history.

• Many Catholics rebelled at this policy.
• In 1641, Catholics staged rebellions against
  these newcomers but it put down by Cromwell (The
  Protestant ruler of England)

8
James II and The Orange Men

• In 1691, James II was forced off the English
  throne.
• He wanted the throne back and landed a force in
  Ireland.
• William III was the new Protestant King (from the
  Netherlands!).
• James was defeated by William at the Battle of
  the Boyne.

9
Link to today!

• Some Protestants today still celebrate that by
  wearing the colour of the King of England
  Orange!

10
Conclusion

• The Protestants took a firm control over Ireland
  despite being in the minority.
• William III made sure Catholics were kept in
  their place by passing laws designed to make them
  in effect second class citizens.