Electronic Configuration

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Electronic Configuration according to Quantum
Mechanics
The location of an electron is described by 3
terms.
1st Term Shell (n)
n 3
n 2
lone electron of Hydrogen
n 1
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n 3
2nd Term subshell - designated by s, p,d,f
n 2
1s
The first shell (1) has one subshell (s).
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2nd Term subshell - designated by s, p,d,f
- refers to the shape(s) of the area in which
the electron can be located. - also
designates an energy level within the shell.
n 3
n 2
1s
The first shell (1) has one subshell (s). The s
subshell is spherical in shape and has 1 orbital
3rd Term orbital
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2nd Term subshell - designated by s, p,d,f
- refers to the shape(s) of the area in which
the electron can be located. - also
designates an energy level within the shell.
n 3
n 2
1s
The first shell (1) has one subshell (s). The s
subshell is spherical in shape and has 1 orbital
3rd Term orbital Each orbital can accommodate 2
electrons
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The Electronic Configuration of Hydrogen
energy
The first shell (1) has one subshell (s). The s
subshell is spherical in shape and has 1 orbital
Electronic configuration
H 1s1
1s
shell
of electrons present
subshell
H 1s ?
Orbital Energy Level Diagram
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The Electronic Configuration of Helium
He Atomic of 2, 2 electrons in a neutral He
atom
1s
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The Electronic Configuration of Helium
He Atomic of 2, 2 electrons in a neutral He
atom
H 1s1
He 1s2 He 1s ??
1s
if there are 2 electrons in the same
orbital they must have the opposite spin.
(Paulis Exclusion Principle)
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The Electronic Configuration of Lithium (Li) Li
Z3 Li has 3 electrons.
2nd shell (2)
1s
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The Electronic Configuration of Lithium (Li) Li
Z3 Li has 3 electrons.
- The 2nd shell (n 2) has 2 subshells which
are s and p.
2p
2s
2nd shell
1s
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The Electronic Configuration of Lithium (Li) Li
Z3 Li has 3 electrons.
2p
2s
2nd shell
1s
2s ? Li 1s ??
Li 1s22s1
Electronic configuration
Orbital Energy Level Diagram
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The Electronic Configuration of Berylium (Be) Be
Z4 Be has 4 electrons.
2p
2s
2nd shell
1s
2s ? Be 1s ??
?
Be 1s22s2
Electronic configuration
Orbital Energy Level Diagram
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subshell - designated by s, p,d,f - refers to
the shape(s) of the area in which the
electron can be located. - also designates an
energy level within the shell. - relative
energy s lt p lt d lt f
s subshell spherical 1 orbital
p subshell pair of lobes
z
x
y
x
y
z
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Our Orbital Picture of Be
The first shell (1s) is filled. The 2s orbital
has 2 e- present. The 2p orbitals are empty. The
2p orbitals have room for 6 e-
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The Electronic Configuration of Boron (B) B Z5
B has 5 electrons.
2p
2p
2s
2s
2nd shell
2nd shell
1s
1s
B 1s22s22p1
Be 1s22s2
2p ? 2s ?? B
1s ??
2s ?? Be 1s ??
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The Electronic Configuration of Carbon (C) C
Z6 C has 6 electrons.
2p
2p
2s
2s
2nd shell
2nd shell
1s
1s
B 1s22s22p1
C 1s22s22px1py1
2p ? 2s
?? B 1s ??
2p ? ? 2s
?? C 1s ??
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Our Orbital Picture of C
The first shell (1s) is filled. The 2s orbital
has 2 e- present. 2 2p orbitals have 1 e- each.
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d subshell double dumbells
x
y
xy
xz
yz
z2
x2-y2
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Atomic Radii within a Group
Hydrogen (Z1) Shell (n)1
Lithium (Z3) n 2
Sodium (Z11) n 3
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Boron (Z5) n 2
Beryllium (Z4) n 2
Lithium (Z3) n 2
If protons were light bulbs.and electrons were
moths...
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Boron (Z5)
Beryllium (Z4)
Lithium (Z3)
?Increasing
?Increasing
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First Ionization Energy
Hydrogen (Z1)
Lithium (Z3)
Sodium (Z11)
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First Ionization Energy
Hydrogen (Z1)
e-
?Decreasing
Lithium (Z3)
2e-
e-
Sodium (Z11)
2e-
8e-
e-
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e-
e-
2e-
2e-
2e-
e-
e-
e-
e-
Boron (Z5) 5 protons screened by 2 e-
Beryllium (Z4) 4 protons screened by 2 e-
Lithium (Z3) 3 protons screened by 2 e-
1 e- removed 2s0
1 e- removed 2s22p0
1 e- removed 2s1
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2e-
e-
2e-
e-
e-
Boron (Z5) 5 protons screened by 2 e-
Beryllium (Z4) 4 protons screened by 2 e-
Lithium (Z3) 3 protons screened by 2 e-
?Decreasing
?Decreasing
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Trends in the Periodic Table
Atomic Radii (Size)
?Increasing
?Increasing
First Ionization Energy
?Decreasing
?Decreasing
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Electron Affinity
F-
Fluorine (Z9)
2e-
2e-
8e-
e-
7e-
Cl-
Chlorine (Z17)
e-
2e-
2e-
8e-
8e-
7e-
8e-
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Trends in the Periodic Table
First Ionization Energy
?Decreasing
?Decreasing
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Predicting Stable Ions
e-
Sodium (Z11)
2e-
2e-
8e-
8e-
e-
Na
Cl-
Chlorine (Z17)
e-
2e-
2e-
8e-
8e-
7e-
8e-