A National Brucellosis Control Programme NBCP in Tajikistan

1
A National Brucellosis Control Programme
(NBCP)in Tajikistan

• Tajik State Veterinary Inspection
• and the
• Animal Health Service
• Food Agriculture Organization
• March 2004

2
Introduction

• Brucella abortus and B. melitensis both occur in
  Tajikistan
• Animal identification helps in brucellosis
  control
• Any effective brucellosis control strategy
  requires more than just vaccination. Includes
  monitoring of progress, long time period and
  public awareness campaigns for humans
• Vet Department needs to find funding assistance
  for brucellosis control
• Funding might be shared as in other countries

3
Brucellosis prevalence in livestock - 2003

• A serological survey in March 2003 of small
  ruminants and cattle in RRD and Khatlon provinces
• 69 of villages and 16 of village households
  with brucellosis infected animals
• Prevalence of 5.8, 5.5 and 2.1 in sheep, goats
  and cattle

4
Prevalence of infected sheep and goats ()
5
Prevalence in infected households ()
6
Human cases per 100,000 population
7
Brucellosis control plan objectives

• To progressively reduce the incidence of
  brucellosis in small ruminants and cattle
• To use surveillance to identify factors which
  interfere with progress and to implement quality
  control management procedures that make
  adjustments to the control programme
• To start the control programme in 2004 in 8
  rayons - Tavildara, Rasht, Faizobod, Darband,
  Tajikabad, Jirgital, Nurek and Rogun
• Incorporate lessons learned and experience from
  Year 1s operation to progressive extension of
  the programme to the whole country

8
Control plan objectives (cont)

• To incorporate public health investigations and
  surveillance of the disease in humans into the
  Year 1 programme
• To integrate veterinary and public health
  campaigns aimed to increase public awareness
  about brucellosis
• To develop a brucellosis control programme that
  may have application in neighbouring countries.

9
Sheep goat control programme components

• Bi-annual vaccination campaigns for 10 years
• Central Brucellosis Unit in Govt Veterinary Dept
• Vaccine quality control assured and tested
• Surveillance - vaccination coverage and
  abortions
• Public awareness and education
• Integrate brucellosis work of Veterinary Dept
  and SES
• Progressive country-wide implementation
• Dealing with outbreaks of brucellosis

10
Vaccination protocol

• Year 1 vaccinate all female sheep and goats of
  breeding age and all 38 month-old female sheep
  and goats and all male animals used for breeding
  using quality assured Rev1 (Alberg strain,
  passage 101, 1970 seed stock) by the conjunctival
  route with a minimum dose of 1 x 108 organisms.
• Year 2 vaccinate all female sheep and goats of
  breeding age that were not vaccinated in Year 1
  and all 38 month-old female sheep and goats with
  Rev1 vaccine.
• Year 3 repeat Year 2 procedure and restrict
  adult vaccination to female adults of breeding
  age that had not previously been vaccinated plus
  all 38 month old female sheep and goats with
  Rev1.

11
Vaccination protocol (cont)

• Year 4 vaccinate all adults (females) of
  breeding age to boost immunity in previously
  vaccinated animals and village flocks as a whole,
  and vaccinate all 38 month-old female sheep and
  goats with Rev1 vaccine.
• Year 5 and thereafter vaccinate all 3 - 8
  month-old female sheep and goats with Rev1
  vaccine.

12
Best times for vaccination

• The breeding pattern of sheep and goats in
  Tajikistan is mainly seasonal with most breeding
  activity occurring in the autumn and most births
  in the spring. Pregnant females, other than
  those in the last 2 weeks of pregnancy, should
  not be vaccinated because of a high risk of
  vaccine-induced abortions.Adult breeding
  females should only be vaccinated when they are
  not pregnant apart from the last 2 weeks of
  pregnancy when vaccination is safe.
• Adults Timing of vaccination of adults is also
  complicated by movements to summer pastures from
  May to September and local breeding practices.
  The most appropriate time, based on the start of
  mating dates during March and April.Only
  animals that are lactating or have advanced udder
  development and close to giving birth should be
  vaccinated in the spring.

13
Best times for vaccination (cont)

• Young animals The ideal time for vaccination of
  young female sheep and goats is when they are
  between 3 and 6 months of age. This may be
  extended to between 3 and 8 months of age in the
  early years of the control programme.Following
  table indicates that most young animals will be
  between 4 and 7 months of age at a second
  vaccination round in July to August.
• Missed animals Animals missed at previous
  vaccination rounds due to movements,
  out-of-season breeding and other reasons should
  be vaccinated whenever an opportunity arises.

14
Best times for brucellosis vaccination
15
Cattle control programme

• The principles of the cattle control programme
  will be similar to the sheep and goat programme
  with emphasis on annual vaccination of young
  replacement female cattle.
• Vaccination should be carried out at the same
  time as sheep and goats are vaccinated and
  vaccination of pregnant females should be
  avoided.
• Calves should be vaccinated when they are 3 - 8
  months old. Calves also need to be identified
  (tattoo)
• There are 3 vaccines for consideration
• a) Rev1 by the conjunctival route
• b) Strain 82 by injection
• c) Strain 19 by injection

16
Rev1 Vaccine safety

• Live bacterial vaccine that can infect humans
• Little animal-to-animal spread
• Withdraw times post-vaccination for sale or
  trade - up to 7 days consume meat - up to 21
  days but should always cook the meat well milk
  - at least 7 days and always scald milk milk is
  safe for young lambs and kids
• Precautions during vaccine administration if
  splash vaccine on skin or in eye, wash hands
  thoroughly with soap and water wear gloves and
  goggles

17
Identification of vaccinated animals

• Ear tattoos - right ear (or right axila) month
  and year of vaccination district identifying
  number
• Ear notching right ear first year left ear in
  year 4

18
Estimated costs of the vaccination component of
brucellosis control for sheep and goats in
selected rayons approximately US10,000 per
40,000 animals vaccinated
19
Cost US No. of
animals Year 1 vaccinate all adult breeders
and young sheep and goats 37,356 138,100 Year
2 vaccinate young female sheep and
goats 10,955 40,500 Year 3 vaccinate young
female sheep and goats 10,955 40,500 Year
4 vaccinate all adult breeders and young sheep
and goats 37,356 138,100 Year 5 vaccinate
young female sheep and goats 10,955
40,500 Year 6 vaccinate young female sheep and
goats 10,955 40,500 Year 7 vaccinate young
female sheep and goats 10,955 40,500 Year
8 vaccinate young female sheep and
goats 10,955 40,500 Year 9 vaccinate young
female sheep and goats 10,955 40,500 Year
10 vaccinate young female sheep and
goats 10,955 40,500
20
List of sentinel villages
21
Brucellosis test positive by rayon
22
(No Transcript)