MICROBIAL METABOLISM'

1
MICROBIAL METABOLISM.

• Catabolic And Anabolic Reactions.

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ENZYMES.

• Enzymes.
• Introduction Catalytic Activity.
• Naming Enzymes 6 Classes.
• Enzyme ComponentsApoenzyme, Cofactor,
  Holoenzyme, Coenzyme.
• Coenzymes Derivatives of vitamins-
  NAD(Catabolic Rxns), NADP(Anabolic Rxns),FMN,
  FAD(Electron carriers), COA

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FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYME ACTIVITY.

• Temperature.
• pH.
• Substrate Concentration.
• Competitive Inhibitors.
• Non-Competitive Inhibitors.
• Feedback Inhibition.

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ENERGY PRODUCTION.

• Oxidation-Reduction Reactions.
• Substrate-Level Phosphorylation.
• Oxidative phosphorylation.
• Photophosphorylation.
• Chemiosmotic Mechanism of ATP Generation.

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CARBOHYDRATE CATABOLISM.

• Glycolysis Embden-Mayerhoff Pathway.
• The Krebs cycle TCA, Citric Cycle.
• The Electron transport chain.

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THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN.

• Oxidative Phosphorylation.
• Steps of The Electron Transport Chain.

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GLYCOLYSIS.

• Splitting of Sugar.
• Oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid with the
  production of some ATP and energy containing
  NADH.
• Preparotory stage.
• Energy-conserving stage.
• Substrate-Level Phosphorylation.

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ALTERNATIVES TO GLYCOLYSIS.

• Pentose Phosphate Pathway Hexose Monophosphate
  Shunt.
• Entner-Doudoroff Pathway.

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THE KREBS CYCLE.

• Decarboxylation.
• Carbon Dioxide production.
• Steps of Krebs Cycle.
• End Products of Krebs Cycle.
• Substrate-Level Phosphorylation.

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DEFINITION OF RESPIRATION

• Aerobic respiration.
• Anaerobic respiration Fermentation-Lactic Acid
  fermentation, Alcohol fermentation.

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ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION.

• Introduction.
• Fermentation.
• Lactic Acid Fermentation.
• Alcohol Fermentation.

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Catabolism of other macromolecules.

• Lipid Catabolism.
• Protein Catabolism.

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Biochemical Pathways Of Energy Use- Anabolism.

• Biosynthesis of Polysaccharides.
• Biosynthesis of Lipids.
• Biosynthesis of Amino Acids and Proteins.
• Biosynthesis of Purines and Pyrimidines.

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PHOTOSYNTHESIS.

• The Light Reactions Photophosphorylation.
• The Dark Reactions Calvin-Benson Cycle.

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Nutritional Patterns Among Organisms.

• Photoautotrophs.
• Photoheterotrophs.
• Chemoautotrophs.
• Chemoheterotrophs.