Forest Landscape Restoration

1
Forest Landscape Restoration

• Does it matter where trees are planted?

2
The Landscape Mosaic

• An ecological mosaic
• Patches of forest (intact and degraded,
  species-rich and species-poor)
• Areas of agriculture (productive and poor)
• Degraded lands (still used or abandoned)
• A social mosaic
• High population density and low population
  density
• Traditional owners and migrants
• Rich and poor
• Large landowners and small landowners
• An economic mosaic
• Near markets or roads and distant from markets
• Valuable land and less-valuable land

3
The landscape mosaic
4
A changing landscape

• Population densities (country to urban areas?)
• Road access
• Land tenure arrangements
• Markets (for goods and services)
• Market prices
• Areas of natural forest
• Types of farming (more cash crops?)
• Climate
• More under-used ( degraded land?) downstream
  effects?

5
Working at a landscape scale

• Our task is to overcome degradation and transform
  landscapes treat 100s of ha not 1-5 ha.
• But where to start? Which are the most important
  areas?
• In past choice of where to reforest made by
  landowner (government, private companies or
  household)
• Choice based on location within their land only
• They ignore neighbours

6
Consequence of this past approach

• Many (some small) random plantings
• All unrelated and unconnected no joint benefits
  or synergy
• No particular attention to areas of high need.
  Eg.
• Eroding hillsides
• Buffer areas around existing native forests
• Links between existing forest patches
• Places of high conservation value
• Important watersheds

7
Working at a landscape scale involves other
stakeholders

• Downstream water users
• Lagoon fishermen
• Conservationists
• Tourists
• Industry groups (sawmillers, timber exporters)
• International community (biodiversity, carbon
  sequestration)

8
Forest Landscape Restoration - the problems

• How to balance interests of many individual
  landowners with those of other stakeholders?
• Reforestation
• How much?
• What type?
• Where?
• Who pays for the costs of reforestation AND who
  gets benefits?
• Who decides?

9
How to solve these problems?

• Identifying stakeholders and their
  representatives?
• Managing decision making and trade-offs?
• Many stakeholders
• Different rights (landowners vs non residents?)
• Noisy minorities
• Insoluble conflicts?
• The role of participatory land use planning?

10
Group Discussion

• Where are priority areas in landscape that should
  be reforested?
• How to develop alternative reforestation plans
• This location rather than that area?
• This type of planting rather than that?
• This amount of reforestation rather than that?
• How to make trade-offs (c.f. Christine)
• What role for stakeholders who are not
  landowners?
• Under what circumstances might incentives or
  subsidies be necessary or useful?