HARMONIZATION OF MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL EMC STANDARDS

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HARMONIZATION OF MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL EMC
STANDARDS

• 1. BASIS IS JOINT MILITARY-CIVILIAN ACTIVITY IN
• THE DOD/INDUSTRY E3 STANDARDS COMMITTEE
• (DIESC)
• 2. WORK ACCOMPLISHED WILL BE DESCRIBED IN AN
  ENGINEERING PRACTICE STUDY WHICH COMPARES
  MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL REQUIREMENTS
• 3. LONGER RANGE GOAL HARMONIZATION

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HARMONIZATION A. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES B.
LIMITS DIFFERENCE JUSTIFICATIONS A. APPLICATION
ENVIRONMENT B. RISK C. ADMINISTRATION
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS 1. MILITARY USE
A) HIGH CONCENTRATION OF 1.) HIGH POWER
EQUIPMENT AND 2.) SENSITIVE
EQUIPMENT. B) EXCEPT ON MINESWEEPERS PLATFORMS
ARE METALLIC- EQUIPMENT MOUNTED ON
GROUND PLANE C) SUBMARINES USE OF LOW
(AUDIO) FREQUENCY SYSTEMS 2. COMMERCIAL USE
A) EXCEPT FOR CIVIL AIRCRAFT, CONCENTRATIONS
OF EQUIPMENT ARE LOWER. HIGH POWER AND
SENSITIVE EQUIPMENTS ARE SEPARATED. B)
DOMESTIC AND LIGHT COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT
TYPICALLY LOCATED ON INSULATED TABLE TOP. 3. IN
REALITY A) THERE ARE EXCEPTIONS FROM THESE
GENERALITIES, E.G. HEAVY EQUIPMENT
CONCENTRATIONS IN COMMUNICATION AND
CONTROL CENTERS. B) GROUND PLANE MOUNTING AND
TABLE TOP MOUNTING PROVISIONS EXIST IN
BOTH CLASSES OF STANDARDS. GROUND PLANE
LOCATION MAY BE UNCERTAIN.
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RISK ANALYSIS MILITARY HIGH RISK ESPECIALLY IF
FAILURE OCCURS IN MISSION CRITICAL SYSTEMS.
PROMOTES SEVERE REQUIREMENTS. COMMERCIAL TYP
ICALLY LOW RISK, INTERFERENCE MAY BE ANNOYING,
BUT CONSEQUENCES NOT CRITICAL, ESPECIALLY FOR
PROTECTION OF BROADCASTING SERVICES. IN
FACT SOME COMMERCIAL COMMUNICATION
IS MISSION CRITICAL AIRCRAFT COMMUNICATIO
NS AND OTHER SAFETY SERVICES. HAZARD OF
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION EQUIPMENT FAILURES.
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ADMINISTRATIVE ASPECTS
A. MILITARY 1) LIMITS ARE DESIGNED TO PROTECT
THE MOST SEVERE ENVIRONMENTS. 2) IN
PRACTICE MANY WAIVERS ARE GRANTED IN CASES
OF NON-COMPLIANCE BECAUSE PARTICULAR
ENVIRONMENTS PERMIT RELAXATION. 3)
MILITARY ENCOURAGES TAILORING OF LIMITS
ACCORDING TO PARTICULAR OPERATIONAL NEEDS. B.
COMMERCIAL 1) THERE IS NO CONTROL OVER WHERE
A PARTICULAR PRODUCT ITEM IS USED, HENCE
THE SAME LIMIT IS APPLIED TO EACH UNIT FROM
ALL MANUFACTURERS. 2) MEASUREMENT
TECHNIQUES MUST BE REPEATABLE SO THAT ALL
COMPETING MANUFACTURERS MUST MEET EXACTLY
THE SAME REQUIREMENTS.
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CE101 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS, POWER LEADS, 30 Hz
TO 10 kHz ISSUES FREQUENCY COVERAGE AND
MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES IEC 61000-3-2 100 Hz to
2400 Hz DEDICATED POWER
GENERATION CE101 30 Hz to 10 kHz LISN IEC
61000-3-8 3 kHz to 30 MHz LISNs HARMONIZED
PROPOSAL MEAS. PROVIDE FOR BOTH TECHNIQUES
AS ALTERNATIVES WITH PREFERENCES LIMITS
USE A MEDIAN OF THE PROPORTIONAL LIMITS CURVE
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CE102 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS, POWER LEADS, 10 kHz
TO 10 MHz SIMILAR BUT NOT IDENTICAL LISNs
ARE USED FOR ANSI, CISPR, AND MILITARY
MEASUREMENTS. HOWEVER THE DIFFERENCES ARE NOT
CONSIDERED TO BE AN IMPEDIMENT TO
HARMONIZATION. SET-UP ALTHOUGH BOTH STANDARDS
PROVIDE FOR MEASUREMENTS ON A TABLE-TOP AND
ON A GROUND PLANE, THE EMPHASIS IS OPPOSITE
IN THE TWO STANDARDS. HOWEVER IN THE MILITARY
STANDARD TABLE-TOP MEASUREMENTS MAY BE
SIGNIFICANT FOR APPLICATIONS TO NON-METALLIC
SHIPS. PROPOSAL A) PROVIDE FOR BOTH TYPES OF
MEASUREMENT FROM WHICH SELECTION CAN BE
MADE. B) EVALUATE DIFFERENCES TO BE EXPECTED FOR
PARTICULAR TYPES OF EQUIPMENT. LIMITS
THE CE102 LIMIT FALLS BETWEEN THE CISPR CLASS A
AND CLASS B LIMITS.
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CE106 CONDUCTED EMISSIONS, ANTENNA TERMINAL, 10
kHz TO 40 GHz COMMERCIAL MEASUREMENTS
COVERED IN TWO STANDARDS CISPR 13 RECEIVERS
AND TRANSMITTERS IN STANDBY MODE IEC
61244-1A TRANSMITTERS IN TRANSMIT
MODE LIMITS FOR CISPR 13 FREQUENCY RANGE
LIMITED AND LIMITS HIGHER BY 10dB FOR
IEC FREQUENCY COVERAGE PRESENTLY LIMITED,
GENERALLY HIGHER (40dB HIGHER IN
PARTICULAR CASES)
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CS101 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY, POWER LEADS, 30
Hz TO 50 Hz COMMERCIAL EQUIVALENT
61000-4-13 MEASUREMENTS GENERALLY EQUIVALENT.
IEC PROVIDES ALSO A DISTORTED WAVEFORM
(FLAT-TOPPED OR PEAKED) BUT IT IS NOT USED
EXTENSIVELY. LIMITS IEC REFLECTS EXPECTED
HARMONIC CONTENT, EXCEEDS CS101 AT PARTICULAR
HARMONICS CS101 FLAT UP TO 5 kHz, DECREASING
THEREAFTER. IEC PRESENTLY HAS NO LIMITS ABOVE
2400 Hz BUT ADDITIONAL COVERAGE IS UNDER
CONSIDERATION.
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CS109 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY, STRUCTURE
CURRENT, 60 Hz TO 100 kHz SPECIAL
REQUIREMENT APPLICABLE ONLY TO SUBMARINES. IEC
61533 HAS REQUIREMENTS ONLY ABOVE 15 kHz WHERE
THEY ARE MORE SEVERE THAN CE109.
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CS114 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILITY, BULK CABLE
INJECTION, 10 kHz TO 400 MHz MEASUREMENT
TECHNIQUES CS114 USES INDUCTION PROBE IEC
61000-4-6 PROVIDES THREE METHODS BUT PRINCIPAL
METHOD IS COUPLING-DECOUPLING NETWORKS
(CDNs) LIMITS LIMIT LEVELS ARE COMPARABLE BUT
OF DIFFERENT SHAPES AND FREQUENCY
RANGES. HARMONIZATION GOOD CANDIDATE, BUT WE
NOTE THAT CDN TECHNIQUE MAY BE SUPERIOR
TECHNIQUE WHERE NUMBER OF CABLES IS LIMITED.
INJECTION PROBE MORE USEFUL FOR LARGE NUMBERS
OF CABLES. THE IEC TECHNIQUE COULD BE MADE
COMPATIBLE WITH CS114.
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CS115 CONDUCTED SUSCEPTIBILTY, BULK CABLE
INJECTION IMPULSE EXCITATION MEASUREMENTS
DIFFERENCES EXIST IN WAVE FORM CS115 30 ms
SQUARE PULSE WITH 2 ms RISETIMES REPEATED AT
30 Hz pps 61000-4-4 5,50 ms DOUBLE EXPERIMENTALS
IN 2.5 to 5 kHz, 15 ms BURSTS INJECTION
METHODS CS115 CURRENT INJECTION
PROBE 61000-4-4 POWER LEADS lt100A
CDNs POWER LEADS gt100A CAPACITORS
SINGNAL LEADS CAPACITOR CLAMP LIMITS
THE LEVELS ARE COMPARABLE. ISSUES DIFFERENCES
IN WAVEFORMS SHOULD BE CORRELATED WITH
ENVIRONMENT. IT MAY BE BOTH WAVEFORMS ARE
JUSTIFIABLE AND COULD BE WRITTEN INTO THE SAME
BASIC REQUIREMENT.
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CS116 CONDUCTED SUCCEPTIBILITY, DAMPED
SINUSOIDAL TRANSIENTS, CABLES AND POWER LEADS, 10
kHz TO 100 MHz COMMERCIAL VERSION IS IEC
61000-4-12, 61000-4-25. TEST WAVEFORMS ARE
DIFFERENT BUT SIMILAR. MILITARY REQUIRES
FREQUENCY SCANS AND SPECIFIC FREQUENCY TESTS AT
0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10, 30 100 MHz. IEC
61000-4-12, 25 PROVIDE FOR TEST FREQUENCIES AT 1,
10 AND 50 MHz. INJECTION METHODS ARE
DIFFERENT CS116 INJECTION PROBE
IEC CDNs HARMONIZATION ISSUE INJECTION
METHOD TEST FREQUENCIES LIMITS
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RE101 RADIATED EMISSIONS, MAGNETIC FIELD,
30 kHz TO 100 kHz RS101 RADIATED
SUSCEPTIBILITY, MAGNETIC FIELD, 30 Hz TO 100
kHz NO CIVILIAN COUNTERPART, HOWEVER A CIVILIAN
VERSION SHOULD FIND APPLICATION. THE NEED ARISES
WHEN EQUIPMENTS ARE ASSEMBLED CLOSE TOGETHER IN
RACKS.
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RE102 RADIATED EMISSIONS, ELECTRIC FIELD, 10
kHz TO 18 GHz COMMERCIAL STANDARDS ARE CISPR
C63.4. BASIC ISSUE IS SENSITIVITY REQUIRED FOR
MILITARY APPLICATION WHERE A ONE METER
SEPARATION DISTANCE IS USED. THAT SEPARATION
DISTANCE COULD BE ADDED IN THE COMMERCIAL
VERSION. LIMITS MILITARY LIMITS ARE MUCH MORE
SEVERE THAN COMMERCIAL LIMITS.
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RS103 RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY, ELECTRIC FIELD,
10 kHz TO 40 GHz COMMERCIAL VERSION IS
IEC 61000-4-3. MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES ARE
SIMILAR BUT CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES ARE QUITE
DIFFERENT. ALSO THE TREATMENT OF CONNECTED
CABLES IS DIFFERENT. TEST LEVELS HIGHER IN
TYPICAL MILITARY APPLICATION ALTHOUGH SIMILAR
LEVELS CAN BE REQUIRED FOR COMMERCIAL (E.G. IN
AIRCRAFT). RS105 RADIATED SUSCEPTIBILITY,
TRANSIENT ELECTROMAGNETIC
FIELD COMMERCIAL VERSION IS IEC
61000-4-25. ALTHOUGH THE COMMERCIAL VERSION
ADOPTS THREE TEST WAVEFORMS, PRESUMABLY THE MOST
SEVERE IS THE CLOSE RANGE TEST. TEST WAVEFORMS
ARE THE SAME BUT COMMERCIAL VERSION GIVES MORE
DETAIL AND HANDLES CABLES SOMEWHAT DIFFERENTLY.
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PROPOSAL 1. DEVELOP A SINGLE STANDARD THAT CAN
BE USED FOR BOTH MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL
PURPOSES. THE STANDARD WILL PROVIDE OPTIONS
TO BE SELECTED DEPENDING ON THE APPLICATIONS
SUCH AS A) TESTS TO BE APPLIED B) FREQUENCY
RANGE C) GROUND PLANE OR TABLE MOUNTING D)
LIMIT SELECTION 2. NECESSARY STEPS A) PROVIDE
DEFAULT OPTIONS (MAY BE PRODUCT- DEPENDENT)
FOR BOTH MILITARY AND COMMERCIAL
APPLICATION. B) MERGE TECHNIQUES OR SELECT BEST
MEASURING TECHNIQUE. C) INTEGRATE
REQUIREMENTS INTO A SINGLE DOCUMENT WITH
ANNEXES AND DETAILED ITEMS.
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• MAJOR MEASUREMENT ISSUES TO BE RESOLVED
• 1) CONDUCTED EMISSION
• DEDICATED GENERATOR OR LISN (AT ULF)
• USE OF ANALOG HARMONIC ANALYZER OR FFT
• MEASUREMENT OF TURN-ON CHARACTERISTICS
• 2) CONDUCTED IMMUNITY
• USE OF COMMON MODE INJECTION EQUIPMENT TO TEST
  ACROSS
• CABINETS
• THREE PHASE INJECTION VS. SINGLE PHASE INJECTION
• COUPLING-DECOUPLING NETWORK INJECTION VS.
  CURRENT PROBE
• INJECTION (SINE WAVES)
• CAPACITIVE CLAMP INJECTION VS. INDUCTIVE CLAMP
  (CURRENT
• PROBE) INJECTION (TRANSIENTS)
• 3) RADIATED EMISSION
• CORRELATION BETWEEN 1M AND 3M TESTS

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IMPLEMENTATION 1. JOINT MILITARY-CIVILIAN EFFORT
IS NECESSARY. 2. FINAL DOCUMENT WILL BE A
COMMERCIAL STANDARD. 3. MUST HAVE SUPPORT FROM
CIVILIAN COMMUNITY. 4. THE WORK OF DIESC
PROVIDES MUCH OF THE NECESSARY BACKGROUND
MATERIAL. 5. SOME RESEARCH IS NECESSARY TO
DETERMINE OPTIMAL RESOLUTION OF DIFFERENCES.