Chpt 17: Organizing Lifes Diversity Classification

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Chpt 17 Organizing Lifes Diversity(Classificati
on)
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• Through billions of years of evolution millions
  of different species have evolved here on Earth?
• All the variety of life on earth
  biodiversity
• Organisms differ in size, color, how they get
  energy (food), where they live, reproduction,
  cell structure, etc
• In order to keep track of all these organisms
  scientists organize or classify organisms by
  their similarities.
• Classifying organisms is called taxonomy

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• Important info to consider when classifying
  includes
• Skeletal structure (bones)
• Reproductive parts (how they reproduce)
• Internal organs
• DNA (Code that makes an organism)
• Similarities show how closely related organisms
  are
• More similarities ? More closely related

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• How do we group or organize organisms?
• Kingdom more specific
• Phylum more in common
• Class as you go down
• Order the categories
• Family
• Genus
• Species
• Kings Play Chess On Fat Guys Stomachs

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• Naming organisms in our classification system
• Common names can be confusing!
• Ringworm is a fungus not a worm
• Puma, mountain lion cougar are all the same
• Is it a woodchuck or ground hog?
• This happens A LOT with plants!

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• 1753 Carolus Linnaeus developed a naming system
  that is used worldwide- called bionomial
  nomenclature
• Uses 2 words to identify each organism
• 1st word Genus (capitalized)
• 2nd word Species (lower case)
• Always written in italics or underlined
• Ex Homo sapien or Homo sapien

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• Intro to the 6 Kingdoms
• First simplest organisms on Earth were made of
  prokaryotic
• cells
• No nucleus
• Single piece of DNA
• Few organelles
• Only has mitosis
• Most are 1 celled/single celled
• Many of these ancient bacteria exist today but
  now are broken
• into 2 different bacteria kingdoms (used to be
  just one bact
• kingdom)

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• Endosymbiotic Theory
• A theory that describes how the first eukaryotic
• cells (with a nucleus) evolved after bacteria.
• 2 different kinds of early bacteria fused
  together to make a more complex cell with a
  nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria, etc a
  eukaryotic cell

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• Archaebacteria Eubacteria Kingdoms
• Made of prokaryotic cells
• Microscopic
• Archaebacteria is more primitive than
  Eubacteria
• Some eubacteria evolved into the Protist Kingdom
• Include all bacteria

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• Protist Kingdom
• Single or multi-celled- Eukaryotic
• Microscopic or as big as seaweed
• Are plant-like, animal-like or fungus-like
• Evolved into the other 3 kingdoms
• Include algae, slime mold plankton

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• Fungus Kingdom
• Single and multi-celled- eukaryotic
• Microscopic or as big as mushrooms
• Most are decomposers
• Develop from spores (NOT seeds)
• Include yeast, mold, mushrooms, athletes foot

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• Plant Kingdom
• Multicellular- Eukaryotic autotrophic
• Microscopic or as big as redwood trees
• Cells produce their own food- photosynthesis
• Cells have cell walls, chloroplast, large
  vacuoles
• Include trees, grass, flowers, moss

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• Animal Kingdom
• Multicellular- Eukaryotic
• Heterotrophs- eat other organisms
• Range from microscopic to whales
• Most complex diverse kingdom
• Include worms, fish, birds, bugs, humans

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• New info can cause the classification of
  organisms
• to changeas we learn more about them (this is a
• strength of science)
• Originally only 2 kingdoms- plant animal
• Now we have 6 kingdoms