The Nervous System

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The Nervous System

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Major Functions

• Sensory
• Integrative
• Motor

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Divisions

• Central nervous system (brain spinal cord)
• Peripheral nervous system (cranial spinal
  nerves)

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Peripheral Nervous System

• Somatic system
• Autonomic system
• Sympathetic division
• (norepinephrine)
• Parasympathetic division
• (acetylcholine)

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Nerve Tissue

• Neuroglial cells
• Neurons
• Cell body, dendrites, axon
• Schwann cells, myelin sheath, nodes of Ranvier
• Unmyelinated vs. myelinated

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Neuron
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Neuron
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UNDERSTANDING CHECK

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Anatomy of the CNS

• Meninges
• Dura mater epidural space
• Arachnoid CSF in subarachnoid space
• Pia mater
• Gray matter vs. white matter

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Meninges
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Gray White Matter
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UNDERSTANDING CHECK

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CNS - Brain

• Brain stem
• Cerebellum
• Cerebrum
• Lobes frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital
• Corpus callosum
• Ventricles

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Anatomy of the Brain
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Peripheral Nervous System

• Cranial nerves
• Spinal nerves

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Types of Neurons by Functional Differences

• Sensory
• Association
• Motor

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Functioning of Neurons

• Resting membrane potential
• Action potential
• Saltatory conduction
• All-or-none response
• Threshold stimulus
• Summation
• Transmission between cells
• Synapses neurotransmitters

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Effects of Neurotransmitters

• Excitatory
• Acetylcholine
• Inhibitory
• Endorphins
• Majority rules

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MRI

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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CT Scan

• Computed Tomography

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Your brain on drugs

• Stimulants
• Depressants
• SSRIs
• Psychedelics
• Analgesics
• XTC (Ecstasy)
• Opiates - Heroin

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Consciousness

• States of consciousness vs. conscious
  experiences/thoughts
• EEG
• Waking state
• Alpha rhythm
• Beta rhythm

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Consciousness

• Sleep
• Slow wave sleep
• REM sleep
• Altered states of consciousness
• Coma brain death
• Schizophrenia
• Affective disorders
• Epilepsy

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Terminology

• Thought
• Memory
• Encoding
• Retrieval
• Attention

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Memory Learning

• Sensory Register
• Short term (working) memory
• Long term memory

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Sensory Register Attention

• Input is unencoded
• Simultaneous input from all senses
• Large capacity very short duration
• Directed attention
• Habituation
• Cocktail party phenomenon

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Short Term/Working Memory

• Holding bin for processing
• Limited capacity short duration
• Chunking maintenance rehearsal
• Cramming before a quiz

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Long Term Memory

• Unlimited capacity indefinite duration
• Anatomical changes
• Declarative vs. procedural
• How included in LTM?
• Emotions limbic system
• Meaning
• Recalling information

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Aiding Declarative Learning

• Rehearsal
• Meaningful learning
• Organization
• Elaboration
• Visual imagery

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But that stuff doesnt work for me!

• Learning styles
• Right brain/left brain
• Theory of multiple intelligences

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7 Sins of Memory

• Transience
• Absent-mindedness
• Blocking
• Misattribution
• Suggestibility
• Bias
• Persistence