THE ECONOMICAL REASONS BEHIND DEFORESTATION

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THE ECONOMICAL REASONS BEHIND DEFORESTATION

• Ahmet Ercan EKMEN 2003431012
• Elif TOPÇU 2004431037

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Outline

• Introduction Defining the Environmental Problem
• Reasons of Deforestation
• Population Growth
• Climate
• Agriculture
• Logging
• Fuel
• Burning and Grazing
• Policy Implications and Forest Management
• Turkey Case
• Conclusion

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World Forest Region Map
Ormanlik Alanlar Odunsu Bitki Alanlari Diger
Alanlar Su Alanlari
Source www.cevreorman.gov.tr
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The paper aims to

• Emphasize deforestation as a
• global environmental problem.
• Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas
  to non-forest land for use such as arable land,
  pasture, urban use, logged area, or wasteland.
  Generally, the removal or destruction of
  significant areas of forest cover has resulted in
  a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.
  

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Deforestation

• Results from removal of trees without sufficient
  reforestation, and results in declines in habitat
  and biodiversity, wood for fuel and industrial
  use, and quality of life.

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Causes of Deforestation

• Population Growth
• It is clear now that the role of population
  factors in deforestation varies considerably from
  one setting to another depending on the local
  patterns of human occupancy and economic
  activity.
• Population (especially rapidly increasing or
  dense population) can increase demands for land
  and wood, eventually exceeding the carrying
  capacity of forests that are expected to supply
  wood fuels , food, and environmental protection
  for local people.

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Causes of Deforestation

• Climate
• Forest disappear naturally as a result of broad
  climate changes or catastrophes such as fire and
  landslides.
• Agriculture
• Growing populations need expanding food supplies,
  so forests are cleared by shifting cultivators
  for annual or permanent crops. Rates of clearing
  are likely to be higher in countries where little
  or no progress has been made in agricultural
  productivity or where land productivity falls
  rapidly after the natural forest cover is
  removed.

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Causes of Deforestation

• Logging
• Commercial logging operations deplete forest
  stocks. Regulated timber extraction should not
  permanently damage the forest, but when it is not
  controlled, mechanized logging or even selective
  timber harvesting may severely alter the
  character of the forest
• Fuel
• Forests in developing countries provide wood
  fuels for local populations. Fuelwood and
  charcoal are widely used for domestic cooking and
  heating.
• Burning and Grazing
• Deforestation may occur in ways other than
  outright clearing or wood removal. The practice
  of annual burning in many areas prevents forest
  regrowth , and grazing by sheep, goats and cattle
  has much the same effect.

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Reasons of Deforestation
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Forest Management

• Forestry departments in developing countries in
  many cases are not equipped to deal with
  deforestation and its consequences. The
  principles of forest management, especially
  extensive forest management for sustained yields,
  are unfamiliar to many developing countries where
  the policy emphasis has been on protection rather
  than production. Even where forest management
  practices are well known, institutions for forest
  management are poorly supported or nonexistent.
• The problem is compounded when local people for
  various reasons do not cooperate with forest
  management schemes. Lack of local cooperation may
  be a symptom of poorly designed policy or an
  indication that rural people have other
  development priorities.

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Turkey Case

• In the world, the sufficient rate of forest areas
  is about 30 percent for each country. In Turkey
  27,2 percent of all land is forest areas and it
  is close to world aggregate forest rate. But 49
  percent of our forest is non-productive. So,
  forest areas are not sufficient for Turkey.

www.cevreorman.gov.tr
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Turkey CaseWhat Have Been Done?

• 1839 (Tanzimat Fermani) Management of Forests
• 1937 3116 Numbered Law
• 1963 Planned Development Period
• 2008 Forestation and Erosion Control
  Mobilization Action Plan 2008-2012 (Agaçlandirma
  ve Erozyon Kontrolü Seferberlik Eylem Plani)
• Planned to realize 2.300.000 hectares forestation
• Total cost 2.702.100.000 YTL

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Conclusion

• Deforestation is one of the major environmental
  problems that the world is facing.

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Contd

• This is a descriptive study rather than an
  empirical one. The significance and causes of the
  deforestation is tried to be explained.
• The history and current condition of the problem
  tried to be shown with a selected country
  -Turkey- case.

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• Thanks for Your Attention ?
• Ahmet Elif