Sensor Network Applications

1
Sensor Network Applications

• 2004.09.11
• Kim, Chang Soon
• Super Computing Laboratory
• Dept. of Computer Science, Yonsei Univ.

2
Contents

• Introduction
• Environmental Sensor Networks
• introduction
• General Architecture
• Sensor Network Evolution
• GlacsWeb Monitoring System
• Sensor Network Challenges
• Conclusion

3
Introduction

• Sensor Network(SN) can be used to monitor
• Our environment
• Objects in environment
• Interactions of objects with each other
• Examples
• Habitat, structural, disaster and emergency
  monitoring

4
On Going Researches

• Environmental Sensor Networks
• Kirk Martinez, Jane K.Hart, and Royan Ong
• Univ. of Southampton
• Radiation Detection with Distributed Sensor
  Network
• Seam M.Brennan
• Univ. of New Mexico
• For detecting of radiological radiation
• Shooter Localization in Urban Terrain
• Akos Ledeczi
• Univ. of Vanderbilt
• Sniper-detecting system

5
On Going Researches (cont.)

• Radiation Detection with Distributed Sensor
  Network
• Shooter Localization in Urban Terrain

6
Environmental Sensor Networks

• Kirk Martinez, Jane K. Hart, and Royan Ong
• University of Southampton

7
Contents

• Environmental Sensor Networks
• Introduction
• General Architecture
• Sensor Network Evolution
• GlacsWeb Monitoring System
• Sensor Network Challenges
• Conclusion

8
Introduction

• Benefits
• Can apply to remote or dangerous inaccessible
  locations
• Components of SN (research areas)
• Sensing
• Communication
• Computing
• Domain knowledge
• E.g) temperature, pressure, or vibration
• SN must be designed to withstand these conditions
• Another Issues in SN
• Security mechanisms
• Propagation methods of information
• Elements of system should
• Decide what data to pass on
• Local area summaries and filtering
• Rather than simple one-way data stream

9
Generic Architecture

• Sensor Node
• Gather data autonomously
• Pass to the Base Station(s)
• Organization
• Ad-Hoc set of clusters with representative nodes
• Base Station
• Forward the data to a SNS
• Interface
• Web Service or other
• Sensor Network Server

10
Sensor Network Evolution

• At the beginning
• Analog Loggers
• Today
• Small scale
• Argus video system
• Automated monitoring of soil-water sensor
• Large scale
• Environmental observations
• Forecasting system
• Next logical step
• Expand monitoring to more remote locations

11
GLACSWEB Monitoring System

• Monitoring system for a glacial environment
• Focuses on the ongoing research area of
  subglacial bed deformation

12
System Overview
GLACSWEB Monitoring System

• Probes
• Pressure, temperature, and orientation sensors
• BS
• Communication relay
• Temperature and tilt sensors, snow meter, and
  dGPS(ice movement)
• Reference station
• Transferring data
• Acts as the position-reference point

13
Sensor Nodes
GLACSWEB Monitoring System

• Sensor nodes must be
• Low cost
• Low power for long-time operation
• Automated (maintenance free)
• Robust to withstand errors and failures
• Low polluting

14
Base Station Communications
GLACSWEB Monitoring System

• Techniques
• Store-and-forward
• Ring buffer
• Backup channel
• GSM to send data directly to the SNS
• Custom packet-based protocol instead of TCP/IP
• Error detection, time-out, checksums and retry
• Makes resilient to communication errors

15
GLACSWEB Monitoring System
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Computing
GLACSWEB Monitoring System

• Must incorporate
• Microcontrollers for sensor nodes
• Small OS for sensor nodes
• Low-power system for BS
• With Suspend mode
• Routing and message-passing
• Server for the SNS
• Publishing S/W

17
Preliminary Results
GLACSWEB Monitoring System

• Installed prototype system
• Briksdalsbreen, Norway, in August 2003
• Examples

18
Preliminary Results (cont.)
GLACSWEB Monitoring System

• Examples

19
Sensor Network Challenges

• Miniaturization
• Power management
• For long-term operation of SN
• Radio communication
• For reliable comm. under any conditions
• Scalability
• Remote management
• Cant regularly visit systems in isolated
  locations
• Usability
• Must primarily consist of off-the-shelf
  components
• Standardization
• A solution is SN Semantic Web
• Security

20
Conclusion

• Environmental SN offer an exciting research
  opportunity
• To enhance our understanding of the Earth
• But, SN must sustainable for the natural
  environment
• We have to cope the challenges
• Environmental SN Semantic Web Service
• For standardize publication