Early South Asia

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Early South Asia
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2500-1500BC a civilization grew in the Indus
River Valley
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What are the characteristics of early
civilizations?
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CitiesComplex Govt.Complex ReligionHighly
SpecializedComplex Social ClassesRecord Keeping
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The Indus Valley Civilization stretched from the
Khyber Pass to the Arabian Sea.
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Mohenjo - Daro
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Mohenjo - Daro
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Harappa
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Harappa
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Terracotta scale showing graduations
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Mohenjo-Daro 2500 BC
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Harappa 2300 BC
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By 1500BC the Indus River Valley Civilization was
in decline.
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1500BC The Aryans invaded through the Khyber
Pass.
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With superior weapons, they conquered the region.
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Aryan culture spread throughout most of South Asia
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The Aryan culture centered around Hinduism.
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Hindu writing is called Sanskrit.
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Their scriptures are made up of ancient hymns and
prayers called Vedas.
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The most important book is the Rig Veda.
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The Aryan culture developed a caste system
probably based on race.
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A caste system is a social class that one is born
into and can never change.
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Four basic castes 1. Brahman (priests) 2.
Kshatriya (Warriors)3. Vaisya (Landowners,
merchants, herders) 4. Sudra (peasants)
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Brahman wife
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Kshatriya farmers
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Vaisya shopkeeper
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Sudra peasants
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The caste system became extremely complex based
on specialization of jobs and positions.
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Marriage was only allowed within the caste.
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The lowest caste doing the dirtiest jobs were
called untouchables.
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