Introducing Organic Chemistry

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Introducing Organic Chemistry
content by Mr H J Graham BSc PGCE
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Definitions of Organic chemistry on the Web
Branch of chemistry that deals with
carbon-containing compounds
The study of the carbon atom and the compounds it
forms, mainly with the 20 lightest elements,
especially hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. Some 3
million organic compounds have been identified
and named
The chemistry of compounds containing carbon
(originally defined as the chemistry of
substances produced by living organisms but now
extended to substances synthesized artificially)
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Hydrocarbons
These are organic compounds that contain just
carbon hydrogen
Examples include methane CH4, butane C4H10,
ethyne C2H2, methylpropane, and benzene
C6H6. Hydrocarbons are broadly classified into
two types. ALIPHATIC AROMATIC hydrocarbons.
Aliphatic molecules consist of just straight
chains. Aromatic hydrocarbons should contain at
least one aromatic ring (benzene) is the simplest
example
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butane
Notice discuss name endings
methylpropane
methane
ethyne
benzene
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The aliphatic hydrocarbons can be divided into
ALKANES, ALKENES, ALKYNES and ALICYCLIC
compounds. The first three are the most
important.
The alkanes are completely saturated and consist
of single bonds only. Their names always end
-ane. They have a general formula all members fit
a formula Cn H2n2 (n 1,2,3....)
The alkenes are unsaturated and must contain at
least one double bond. Their names always end
-ene. They have a general formula all members fit
a formula Cn H2n (n 2,3,4....)
The alkynes are unsaturated and must contain at
least one triple bond. Their names always end
-yne. They have a general formula all members fit
a formula Cn H2n-2 (n 2,3,4....)
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formula
structure
name
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Teacher scribble page
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(No Transcript)
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Discuss spot the trends bpt and mpt
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ISOMERS
C4H10
Two compounds are considered isomers if they have
the same molecular formula (i.e. the same numbers
and types of atoms) but different structures.
There are two types of isomers, structural
isomers and stereoisomers. Two compounds are
considered structural isomersis they have the
same molecular formula but different connections
between atoms (bonding). Two compounds are
considered stereoisomersif they have the same
molecular formula, the same connections between
atoms, but different arrangements of the atoms in
three dimensional space
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Pentane
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formula
structure
name
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