Pakistan

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Pakistan
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Pakistan A Preview

• Total Population 152.5 million
• Male Female Proportion 52 48
• Urban Rural Proportion 33.4 66.6
• Population Density / Sq. Km 187/person

Pakistan is the seventh most populous country in
the world
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Demographic IndicatorsPakistan is categorized by
high mortality and population growth rates

• Total Fertility Rate 4.07
• Crude Birth Rate 28
• Population Growth Rate 1.92
• Infant Mortality Rate 82
• Under 5 Mortality Rate 98
• Maternal Mortality Ratio 350
• Contraceptive Prevalence Rate 34
• Economic survey of Pakistan 2004 - 05

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MGD 4 Reduce Child Mortality

• INDICATORS FOR PAKISTAN
• Under-five mortality rate
• Infant mortality rate
• Proportion of fully immunised children (12-23
  months)
• Proportion of children lt 1 yr immunised against
  measles
• Prevalence of under-weight children (under 5 yrs)
• Lady Health Workers coverage of target
  population

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MGD 5 Improve Maternal Health

• INDICATORS FOR PAKISTAN
• Maternal mortality ratio
• Proportion of births attended by skilled birth
  attendants
• Contraceptive prevalence rate
• Total fertility rate
• Proportion of women 15-49 years who had given
  birth during last 3 years, and made at least one
  antenatal care consultation

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MGD 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases

• INDICATORS FOR PAKISTAN
• HIV prevalence among 15-24 year old pregnant
  women
• HIV prevalence among vulnerable groups (e.g.,
  active sex workers)
• Proportion of population in malaria risk areas
  using effective malaria prevention and treatment
  measures
• Incidence of tuberculosis per 100,000 population
• Proportion of TB cases detected and cured under
  Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS)

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MGD 4 Reduce Child Mortality(MGD Goals Report
2004 Planning Commission of Pakistan)
Target 5 Reduce under 5 mortality by two-thirds Reduce under 5 mortality by two-thirds Reduce under 5 mortality by two-thirds Reduce under 5 mortality by two-thirds Reduce under 5 mortality by two-thirds Reduce under 5 mortality by two-thirds
Indicators 1990/91 2001/02 2002/03 2005/06 Targets 2011 2015
UNDER 5 MORTALITY RATE 140 105 103 80 65 52
INFANT MORTALITY RATE 102 77 75 63 50 40
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MGD 4 Reduce Child MortalityStatus at a Glance
Summary of Progress (MGD Goals Report 2004
Planning Commission of Pakistan)
GOAL/ TARGETS WILL TARGET BE REACHED? WILL TARGET BE REACHED? WILL TARGET BE REACHED? STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
Reduce child mortality Probably Potentially Unlikely Strong Fair Weak
Reduce under 5 mortality by 2/3
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MGD 4 Reduce Child MortalityCapacity for
Monitoring and Reporting Progress (MGD Goals
Report 2004 Planning Commission of Pakistan)
Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Statistical Analysis Statistical Analysis Statistical Analysis Statistics in Policy Making Statistics in Policy Making Statistics in Policy Making Reporting and Dissemination of Information Reporting and Dissemination of Information Reporting and Dissemination of Information
Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak

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MGD 5 Reduce Maternal Mortality(MGD Goals
Report 2004 Planning Commission of Pakistan)
Target 6 Reduce maternal mortality by three quarters Reduce maternal mortality by three quarters Reduce maternal mortality by three quarters Reduce maternal mortality by three quarters Reduce maternal mortality by three quarters Reduce maternal mortality by three quarters
Indicators 1990/91 2001/02 2002/03 2005/06 Targets 2011 2015
Maternal mortality ratio 550 350 350-400 300-350 180 140
Births attended by skilled birth attendants 18 40 40 75 90 gt90
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MGD 5 Reduce Maternal MortalityStatus at a
Glance Summary of Progress (MGD Goals Report
2004 Planning Commission of Pakistan)
GOAL/ TARGETS WILL TARGET BE REACHED? WILL TARGET BE REACHED? WILL TARGET BE REACHED? STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
Reduce child mortality Probably Potentially Unlikely Strong Fair Weak
Reduce under 5 mortality by 2/3
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MGD 5 Reduce Maternal MortalityCapacity for
Monitoring and Reporting Progress (MGD Goals
Report 2004 Planning Commission of Pakistan)
Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Statistical Analysis Statistical Analysis Statistical Analysis Statistics in Policy Making Statistics in Policy Making Statistics in Policy Making Reporting and Dissemination of Information Reporting and Dissemination of Information Reporting and Dissemination of Information
Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak

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MGD 6 Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other
Diseases(MGD Goals Report 2004 Planning
Commission of Pakistan)
Indicators 1990/91 2001/02 2002/03 2005/06 Targets 2011 2015
HIV prevalence among 15-24 year old pregnant women n/a Nil n/a n/a n/a Baseline to be reduced by 50
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MGD 6 Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other
DiseasesStatus at a Glance Summary of Progress
(MGD Goals Report 2004 Planning Commission of
Pakistan)
GOAL/ TARGETS WILL TARGET BE REACHED? WILL TARGET BE REACHED? WILL TARGET BE REACHED? STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT STATE OF SUPPORTIVE ENVIRONMENT
Halt begun to reverse HIV / AIDS Probably Unlikely No Data Strong Fair Weak but improving
Halt begun to reverse HIV / AIDS
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MGD 6 Combating HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other
DiseasesCapacity for Monitoring and Reporting
Progress (MGD Goals Report 2004 Planning
Commission of Pakistan)
Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Quality and Regularity of Survey Information Statistical Analysis Statistical Analysis Statistical Analysis Statistics in Policy Making Statistics in Policy Making Statistics in Policy Making Reporting and Dissemination of Information Reporting and Dissemination of Information Reporting and Dissemination of Information
Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak Strong Fair Weak

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Issues

• Inadequate budgetary allocation
• High population growth rate
• High fertility rate
• Focus on curative medicine than the preventive
  treatment
• Poor primary health care services
• Lack of integration of vertical Preventive
  programs

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Issues (contd)

• Inadequate social sector services delivery
• Professional and managerial deficiencies
• High prevalence of communicable diseases
• Lack of integrated management of childhood
  illnesses
• Malnutrition
• Low skilled birth attendance rate

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Issues (contd)

• Lack of awareness
• Insufficient accessibility to maternal health
  care services especially emergency obstetric care
• Lack of sex education for HIV/AIDS

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Advantages / Strengths

• Health System Infrastructure
• Improving fiscal environment
• Functional community-based LHWs
• Devolution
• Poverty-alleviation strategies

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Government Programs - Health

• National Program for Family Planning and Primary
  Health Care
• Food and Nutrition
• Women Health Project
• Reproductive Health Project
• Expanded Program on Immunization
• National Maternal and Child Care Program

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NCHD Health ProgramsFocus is on ensuring
access to health services

• Primary Health Care Extension
• National ORS Campaign
• National School Health Program
• Strengthening of Primary Health Care System

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ROLE OF ICT IN HEALTH

• ICTs provide opportunities for individuals,
  medical professionals and healthcare providers to
  
• obtain information,
• communicate with professionals,
• deliver first-line support especially where
  distance is a critical factor and
• promote preventive medicine programmes.

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APPLICATION OF ICT IN HEALTH

• At Referral Hospitals/Regional Hospitals/
  District/Sub-district Health Centres, ICT enable
• more effective planning, decision-making and
  monitoring
• improved shared service operations
• greater access to more reliable health
  population data
• more effective resource management

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APPLICATION OF ICT IN HEALTH (Contd)

• Particular value for patients from improved
  information systems include
• development use of electronic patient records
• multi-media decision support systems
• remote monitoring
• updating patient notes using wireless Personal
  Digital Assistants (PDA)

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E-HEALTH CHALLENGES

• Creating ICT technologists and technicians in
  health sector at all levels
• Attitudes about use of ICT/e-health technologies
• Time - Mans greatest enemy
• Achieving consensus
• Lack of investment in technology in healthcare
  sector
• Lack of Stakeholder participation

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E-HEALTH CHALLENGES

• Solutions are needed to solve these challenges.
• How can e-health help to meet health sector
  challenges?