KIFEE: Hybrid power production systems

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Hybrid power production systems integrated
solutionsOlav BollandProfessorNorwegian
University of Science and Technology
(NTNU)KIFEE-Symposium, Kyoto, November
15-17, 2004Materials and Processes for
Environment and Energy
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Power production in Norway

• National grid 99.5 hydropower
• 27000 MW - 120 TWh/a
• Per capita 6 kW - 27000 kWh/a
• Offshore oil/gas mechanical power and local
  grids
• 3000 MW gas turbine power - 10 TWh/a
• Future
• Wind power 2002-2010 3 TWh/a
• More hydropower potential YES
• acceptance NO
• Natural gas power potential YES
• problem is CO2
• CO2 is a hot issue!!
• Dependence on import of coal nuclear power?

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Power related research at NTNU

• Grid and production optimisation Scandinavian
  electricity market
• Hydropower technology 1) pumping turbines 2)
  small-scale turbines
• Wind power
• PV material technology
• Fuel cells PEM and SOFC
• Biomass gasification combined with gas engines
  and SOFC
• Natural gas
• optimal operation of gas turbines (oil/gas
  production)
• NOx emissions
• CO2 capture and storage

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Hybrid power production systems integrated
solutions

• Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) integrated with a
  Gas Turbine
• Potential for very high fuel-to-electricity
  efficiency
• Cogeneration of Hydrogen and Power, with CO2
  capture
• using hydrogen-permeable membrane
• Power generation with CO2 capture
• using oxygen-transport membrane

Examples where advanced material technology is
the key to improved energy conversion technologies
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SOFC/GTSolid Oxide Fuel Cell integrated in Gas
TurbinePart-load and off-design
performanceControl strategiesDynamic performance
EXHAUST
Natural gas
RECIRCULATION
PreReformer
SOFC
AIR
Anode
REMAINING FUEL
Generator
Afterburner
DC/ AC
AIR
Cathode
Turbine
Air Compressor
AIR
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SOFC model
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Modelling of the Temperature Distribution

• Gas streams are modelled in 1D
• Solid is modelled in 2D

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Mass balance and reaction kinetics
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Electrochemistry and losses
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Overall system model
Heat exchange between prereformer and anode
surface
Prereformer is modelled as a Gibbs reactor
EXHAUST
Natural gas
Thermal inertia and gas residence times included
in the heat exchanger models
RECIRCULATION
PreReformer
SOFC
AIR
Anode
REMAINING FUEL
Generator
Afterburner
DC/ AC
AIR
Cathode
Turbine
Air Compressor
AIR
Map-based turbine model
High-frequency generator
Shaft mass inertia accounted for
Map-based compressor model
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Performance maps with optimised line of
operationaccording to a given criteria
Line of operation for load change
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Dynamic performance of SOFC/GT
Air delivery tube
Air inlet
Air outlet
Cathode air
Cathode, Electrolyte, Anode
Fuel inlet
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(No Transcript)
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CO2 capture and storagewhat are the
possibilities?
Source Draft IPCC report CO2 capture and
storage
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Membrane reforming reactorIdea
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Membrane reforming reactorprinciple
Hot exhaust
Exhaust
Heat transfer surface
Q
high pressure
Hydrogen lean gas out (H2O, CO2, CO, CH4, H2)
CH4H2O ? CO3H2
Feed CH4, H2O
COH2O ? CO2H2
Membrane
permeate
H2
Q
Sweep gas (H2O)
Sweep gas H2 (CO2, CO, CH4)
low pressure
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Membrane reforming reactorin a Combined Cycle
with CO2-captureProducts Power and Hydrogen
800 C
CO2/steam turbine
CO2 to compression
Q
SF
67 bar
MSR-H2
Condenser
H2
H2O
PRE
HRSG
Exhaust
H2 as GT fuel
C
1328 C
H2 for external use
ST
Air
Gas Turbine
Generator
NG
Source Kvamsdal, Maurstad, Jordal, and Bolland,
"Benchmarking of gas-turbine cycles with CO2
capture", GHGT-7, 2004
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High-temperature membrane foroxygen production
Compression
Heat exchange
Cryogenic Distillation
N2
N2
O2
O2
Air
Air
Air
Oxygen transport membrane
O2
Air
Oxygen depleted air
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Membrane technology application in GT with CO2
capture Ion-transport membrane (O2) in
reformer H2 selective membrane in water/gas-shift
reactor
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Thank you!