Chapter 4 Section 1

1
Respiration and Excretion

• Chapter 4 Section 1
• The Respiratory System

2
The Respiratory System

• The respiratory system moves oxygen from the
  outside environment into the body. It also
  removes carbon dioxide and water from the body.
• Key Jobs
• Taking in Oxygen
• Removing Carbon Dioxide and Water

3
The Path of Air

• As air travels from the outside environment to
  the lungs, it only take a few seconds, and passes
  through the following structures
• Nose
• Pharynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Lungs

4
The Respiratory System
5
The Nose

• Facts about the nose
• 1. In the Nasal Cavities the air is warmed.
• 2. Nasal Cavity produces mucus.
• 3. Mucus keeps air moist, the cavity damp, and
  it traps dust.
• 4. Cilia hair like extensions that make a
  sweeping motion down to the throat.

6
The Pharynx

• Facts about the Pharynx
• 1. Also called the throat.
• 2. Only part of the respiratory system that is
  shared with another system.
• 3. This is where the Epiglottis is located,
  just above the trachea.

7
The Trachea

• Facts about the Trachea
• 1. The Larynx is at the top of Trachea, also
  known as the voice box.
• 2. Also called windpipe.
• 3. Has ridges made of cartilage that strengthen
  the trachea and keep it open.
• 4. Lined with cilia and mucus.
• 5. Only air should be here at this point.

8
The Bronchi, Alveoli, and Lungs

• Quick Questions
• 1. Large passages that lead to the lungs?
• 2. Main organs of the respiratory system?
• 3. Tiny sacs specialized for movements of gases?

9
Gas Exchange

• After air enters an alveolus, oxygen passes
  through the wall of the alveolus and then through
  the capillary wall into the blood. Carbon
  dioxide and water pass from the blood into the
  alveoli. This whole process is known as gas
  exchange.

10
Gas Exchange continued

• Alveoli have a large amount of surface area,
  like the small intestine. If you spread out the
  alveoli on a flat surface they would have a
  surface area of about 70 square meters.

11
How you Breath

• Facts about the Lungs
• 1. In an average day you may breath more than
  20,000 times.
• 2. The diaphragm is the dome-shaped muscle that
  plays an important role in breathing.
• 3. When you breath, the actions of your rib
  muscles and diaphragm expand or contract your
  chest. As a result, air flows in or out.
  (remember this also helps the flow of blood in
  the body)

12
Breathing and Speaking

• Larynx the voice box, is located in the top
  part of the trachea, underneath the epiglottis.
• Vocal cords connective tissue that stretch
  across the larynx, when they vibrate it creates
  your voice.

13
Respiratory Tract
14
Respiration