Taking Your Technology to the Market

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Taking Your Technology to the Market

• Commercialization of QWIP Technologies, Inc.
• November 1, 2005
• AIAA, Los Angeles

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(No Transcript)
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Entrepreneurs Test

• What matters is how you see the problem!
• Additional Questions
• Do I have the necessary commitment?
• Are you prepared to work extremely hard?
• Do you have the stamina?
• Do you have flexibility?
• Can you make decisions right away?
• Can you make a long term commitment?
• Do you have adequate resources and support?
• Do you have a continuously optimistic nature?

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Are you willing to live on the edge?
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Foundations for Success

• A proprietary idea or technology
• Significantly better execution
• Being first to market
• Playing the underdog,use your agility
• Turning disadvantages into advantages
• Being lead by solid values

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Right people, Right combo
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Addressing the Market

• The only place where luck comes before work is
  in the dictionary!
• Anita Roddick, Founder, The Boy Shop

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Our Money is Better Than Theirs

• Venture capital can be a rough game
• Venture capitalists invest in people
• Be careful with premoney valuation
• Venture capital presentations are grueling
• Venture capitalists will drag out the process
• Venture capitalists drive tough bargains
• You will get stuck with the bill.

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Show me the ?!

• Do not quickly go into high overhead/fixed costs.
  
• Remain frugal in the early years.
• Reduce your legal fees.
• Be a miser.
• Know your numbers.
• Reinvest in the company.
• When all else fails, be creative.

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Being creative
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Lessons Learned

• Flexibility expect the unexpected.
• Build up expectation in the marketplace, but be
  sure you can meet that expectation.
• Reward early adapters.
• Develop and maintain natural tension between
  marketing and manufacturing. Be careful of
  marketing having control of the company.

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Lessons Learned

• WATCH your cash flow. Control Costs, but dont
  be cheap where it counts.
• Do your homework prior to talking with investors.
• Private or public know which and ramifications
  ahead of time.

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Value time its short!
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Lessons Learned

• Know your exit strategy! Dont be over leveraged
  before you even get out of the gate.
• Know how much risk can you take on.
• Personality, Personality, Personality
• Market pull, not technology push.

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Follow your path
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Introduction
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JPL/QWIPTECH
Stars
QWIP image
Visible image
QWIP FPA installed on 5 m Hale telescope
Forest fires
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SEEING THE UNIVERSE IN A NEW LIGHT USING QUANTUM
TECHNOLOGY
ADVANCES IN QWIP TECHNOLOGY AT JPL
Total Eclipse of the Moon taken with QWIP
Camera 20 January 2000
Courtesy Arnold Goldberg Army Research Laboratory
200-inch Hale Telescope, Palomar Observatory
STRV-1D QWIP Experiment First QWIP Array into
Space
8.5 mm mid-infrared image, obtained with a QWIP
focal plane array at primary focus of the Palomar
200-inch Hale telescope.
2001
The S106 region displays vigorous star-formation
obscured behind dense molecular gas and cold
dust, and extended nebular emission from dust
heated by starlight. QWIP-infrared images are
used to assess the prevalence of warm dusty disks
surrounding stars in such regions. Formation of
these disks are an evolutionary step in the
development of planetary systems.
STRV-1D
FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF 8-9 AND 14-15 mmDUALBAND
QWIP CAMERA
IMAGE OF DELTA II LAUNCH TAKEN WITH 8-9 µm JPL
QWIP CAMERA
640 x 486 LWIR QWIP CAMERA
SIMULTANEOUS 8-9 AND 14-15 ?m DUALBAND IMAGE OF
A FLAME
FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF PALMCORDER SIZE QWIP
CAMERA
2000
SIMULTANEOUSLY MEASURED RESPONSIVITY SPECTRUMS
OF A DUALBAND DETECTOR
1999
FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF 15 MICRON 128 X 128 QWIP
FOCAL PLANE ARRAY CAMERA
ADVANTAGE OF LWIR QWIPs DETECTING COLD HARD
BODIES AGAINST HOT PLUME
FIRST DEMONSTRATION OF HAND-HELD CAMERA
640 x 486 QWIP IMAGE
1998
RESPONSIVITY (A/W)
QWIP CAMERA SCANS MALIBU FIRES
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6
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9
10
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WAVELENGTH (µm)
DUALBAND FOCAL PLANE ARRAY DATA
DETECTIVITY (cm?Hz/W)(300K BACKGROUNDWITH f/2
STOP, T 40K) NE?T (mK) OPERABILITY (lt100
MK) NON-UNIFORMITY
2.9 x 1010 29 99.7 0.03
1.1 x 1010 44 98 0.05
1996
THERMAL INFRARED IMAGING IS USED TO DETECT FAULTY
TRANSFORMERS
Features of 640 x 486 QWIP Camera
PICTURE TAKEN FROM A VISIBLE CCD CAMERA
1994
LONG-WAVELENGTH ALLOWS THE QWIP CAMERA TO SEE
THROUGH SMOKE AND PINPOINT LINGERING HOTSPOTS
(PICTURE ON LEFT) WHICH ARE NOT NORMALLY VISIBLE
(PICTURE ON TOP)
Reference Sarath D. Gunapala, et al., IEEE
Trans. Electron Devices, 44, pp. 45-57, 1997
45, 1890 (1998) 47, pp. 326-332, 2000 47, pp.
963-971, 2000

• OVER 100 PUBLICATIONS IN QUANTUM AND NANO
  TECHNOLOGY
• ORGANIZED QWIP 2000 WORKSHOP
• 18 PATENTS FILED (4 APPROVED, 14 PENDING)
• DELIVERED OVER 100 FOCAL PLANE ARRAYS

THE EVENT MARKED THE QWIP CAMERAS DEBUT AS A
FIRE OBSERVING DEVICE.
Courtesy of QWIP Technology
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Corporate Overview

• QWIP Technologies, Inc. (QWIPTECH)
• a wholly owned subsidiary of Rainbow Group of
  Companies.
• Manufacture Quantum Well Infrared photodetectors
  (QWIPS)
• Bound to quasi-bound design developed at JPL

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Current Products
QWIPCHIPTM FPA Mid and Large Format
Camera Modules
QT100TM Camera
Sensor Engines
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What are QWIPs?

• A quantum well

Photon excites an electron to produce a
measurable current
E h?
Voltage bias
e-
First excited state
x50
Ground state
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What are QWIPs?
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Performance Milestones FPA Size
1000000
640x480 array
1024x1024 array
100000
256x256 array
Number of Pixels
128x128 array
10000
Progress to megapixel FPAs limited by
availability of ROIC
1000
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First image 10 -element scanned linear array
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First detector
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2005
1985
1990
1995
2000
2000
Year
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Market Needs

• Increasing need for larger formats
• Surveillance
• Long stand-off targeting
• Increasing need for multi-color
• Target identification
• Threat identification
• Increasing need for LWIR

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Commercial Applications
Non destructive testing Process control
Maintenance inspection Thermography
Security Search rescue Scientific Medical
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Large Format Images
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QWIP LWIR vs InSb
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MWIR/LWIR/Color Fusion
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MW/LW Atlas V Imagery
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Example People at 500 m
320240 Dual-band
LWIR
MWIR
640480 Single-band LWIR
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Helicopter Estimated Range 7 km
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Commercial Aircraft
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Gunston Cove
Power plant smokestack 30 km
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M1 Tank at 1 km (mid-afternoon)
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T-72 at 1.5 km (dusk)
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QWIPTECH Advanced Designs
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Two Color Designs

• Visible/IR FPA
• develop visible functionality
• Interlaced Design
• develop MWIR/LWIR or MWIR/MWIR
• 4-Color FPA

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Visible/LWIR
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Visible/LWIR
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Dual band MWIR QWIP
1
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Emissivity spectra for fine and coarse quartz
particles
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The Restrahlen Effect
(n-1)2 k2 R _________ (n1)2 k2
n Refractive index k Extinction Coef. R
Fresnel reflection Coef.
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Differences between disturbed and undisturbed
soil
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Ideal FPA Requirements

• Co-located, sensitive at 9.2µm and 12µm
  wavelength bands.
• Provide high resolution imagery by using high
  power optics and an FPA with relatively small
  pixel pitch and large format
• Provide clear and uniform images by using an FPA
  with high uniformity and linearity
• Possess low spectral crosstalk between wavebands
  thereby maximizing the measured spectral
  differences between disturbed and undisturbed
  soil.

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2-color Responsivity vs. Wavelength
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Pixel Structure
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FPA Structure
40 mm
Q1
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Responsivity 9.2 um QWIP
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Responsivity Curves for 12um QWIP
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Characteristics of 2-color QWIP

• Array size 320 x 256
• Array scheme Co-located pixels
• Pitch 40µm
• Wavelength 1 9.2µm
• Wavelength 1 FWHM 1.3µm
• Wavelength 2 12 µm
• Wavelength 2 FWHM 1.6µm
• Fill factor - 9.2µm 78
• Fill factor - 12µm 85
• NEDT - 9.2µm 35mK
• NEDT - 12µm 50mK
• Frame rate 60Hz (30 Hz nominal)
• Integration time 16ms recommended
• Power dissipation lt100mW

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Characteristics of Dual-Color ROIC

• Format 320 x 256
• Pixel size 40 um x 40 um
• Input Configuration Direct Injection
• Detector bias uniformity lt 20mV 1-s
• Outputs 2 analog
• Analog output 1.6 V to 3.6 V
• Analog output data rate 2.5 MHz

• Frame rate 30 Hz (nominal)
• Input charge handling
• LWIR (9.2 um band) gt 6e6 carriers
• LWIR (12 um band) gt 20e6 carriers
• Gain control 2-bits adjustment
• Noise
• LWIR (9.2 um band) lt 1200 e-
• LWIR (12 um band) lt 4000 e-
• Power lt 100 mW

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QWIPCHIPTM Inside Dewar
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Mine Detection Summary

• Mine Detection is a current issue that LWIR can
  answer
• Helicopter Demonstration Scheduled
• QWIPs are a technology of choice.

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Vertically Integrated 4-Color QWIP Device
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Estimated Sensitivity of Four Band QWIP Array
Detectivity and NEDT are estimated for 300K
black-body with f/2 optics background without
ROIC read noise. 1.5 ms integration time 75
filled IWR mode Performance will increase in ITR
mode
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Spectral Responsivity
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Military Applications

• FLIR
• Fire control
• Missile guidance systems
• Smart weapons
• Surveillance
• Search and rescue
• Mine Detection

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Conclusions

• IR System performance improvements to be gained
  through pixel count and multi-spectral capability
  not detector sensitivity
• QWIP technology is being developed for military
  and commercial applications
• Large format LWIR FPAs are available commercially
  in QWIP.
• Multispectral FPAs have been produced using QWIPs
  and the processes are in place for multispectral
  large format FPAs

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Questions ?
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Thank you.