SUNY College of Technology at Delhi

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SUNY College of Technology at Delhi CITA 110
Introduction to Software Applications
The Impact of Computers on Society
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COMPUTER HISTORY

• Counters Sticks, stones, strings, and bones
• Mechanical Devices Abacus, Slide Rule, and
  Babbages Difference Engine
• Electromechanical Devices Holleriths
  enumerator, Mark I

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MAINFRAMEAn installed computer system

• ENIAC-(Electronic numerator, integrator, and
  calculator) First general purpose electronic
  computer

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UNIVAC

• A commercial version of ENIAC

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IBM

• First significant impact of computers in
  Corporate America
• Required technical staff and high maintenance
• Cost 1,000,000

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MICROCOMPUTER

• Small, inexpensive, one-user computer

The Apple II 1977The first mass-market home
computer (1700)
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THE PERSONAL COMPUTER
IBM PC 1981 Brought the microcomputer into the
business world.
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THE CLONES

• COMPAQ 1982 the first Clone
• DELL Todays leader
• ORION The next microcomputer?

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The Increase in Power of Integrated Circuits
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COMPUTER HARDWAREData processing equipment
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Functional Components

• CPU Central Processing Unit
• RAM Random Access Memory read or write memory
• ROM Read Only Memory
• STORAGE Data retention device such as Card,
  Tape, Disk, Flash RAM
• I/O Devices to transmit data to and from a
  computer system Key board, Printer, Display,
  MODEM, Scanner, Mouse,

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COMPUTER SOFTWARESets of instructions to perform
tasks

• Machine Language A hardware dependent
  instruction set.
• Binary a bit is on/off, 1/0
• Hexadecimal 4 bit binary word 0000-1111012345678
  9ABCDEF
• ASCII 8 bit word (American Standard Code for
  Information Interchange) represents alphanumeric
  and control codes. (65A)
• Machine Instruction Directs the computer to
  perform one action. (04 05 add 5 to the A
  register)

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Higher LanguagesEnglish-like instructions to
create machine language

• Assembly Machine specific (ADD A,5)
• FORTRAN Formula Translator (A A 5)
• COBOL Common Business Oriented Language (ADD 5
  TO ACCOUNT)
• BASIC Beginners All Purpose Symbolic
  Interchange Code (Let A A 5)
• C General purpose structured language (A 5)
• Visual Object Oriented family of languages
• Others SQL (Structured Query Language), Java,
  html (hypertext markup language),

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Operating SystemPrograms controlling the overall
computer operation

• Proprietary machine specific IBM OS/360
• Unix a portable operating system
• MSDOS Microsoft Disk Operating System
• Windows Graphical user interface for Intel based
  PCs (NT, 95, 98, ME, 2000, XP)
• Linux An open source UNIX-like Operating System
  for a variety of platforms
• Others cp/M, OS/2, Mac OS,

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Computer ApplicationsPrewritten programs for
specific tasks

• http//www.softsearch.com/
• General Purpose Microsoft Office
• Word Processor Word
• Spreadsheet Excel
• Presentation PowerPoint
• Communication FrontPage
• Other Access, InfoPath, OneNote, Outlook,
  Project, Publisher, Visio

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Impact of IT on Society

• Science
• Business
• Communication
• Information
• Education
• Entertainment
• The Future?

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INTRODUCTION

• Get ready book
• Get set an attitude of hardwork
• Lets go!!!

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FORTRAN
PROGRAM MAIN INTEGER N, X EXTERNAL SUB1 COMMON
/GLOBALS/ N X 0 PRINT , 'Enter number of
repeats' READ (,) N CALL SUB1(X,SUB1) END SUBRO
UTINE SUB1(X,DUMSUB) INTEGER N, X EXTERNAL
DUMSUB COMMON /GLOBALS/ N IF(X .LT. N)THEN X X
1 PRINT , 'x ', X CALL DUMSUB(X,DUMSUB) END
IF END
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PENTIUM V ASSEBMLY
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COBOL
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BASIC
210 PRINTINPUT"ENTER THE NUMBER YOU WISH TO
DISPLAY"VALUE 220 BITVALUE
AND 8IF BITgt0 THEN BIT11 ELSE BIT10
230 BITVALUE AND 4IF BITgt0
THEN BIT21 ELSE BIT20
240 BITVALUE AND 2IF BITgt0 THEN BIT31 ELSE
BIT30 250 BITVALUE
AND 1IF BITgt0 THEN BIT41 ELSE BIT40
260 GOSUB 500

270 IF VALUElt0 THEN GOTO 1000 ELSE GOTO 200
500 REM display
results
510 CLS
520
IF BIT10 THEN LINE (10,20)-(50,60),,B ELSE LINE
(10,20)-(50,60),,BF 530 IF BIT20 THEN
LINE (60,20)-(100,60),,B ELSE LINE
(60,20)-(100,60),,BF 540 IF BIT30 THEN
LINE (110,20)-(150,60),,B ELSE LINE
(110,20)-(150,60),,BF 550 IF BIT40 THEN LINE
(160,20)-(200,60),,B ELSE LINE (160,20)-(200,60),,
BF 560 PRINT " "8" "4" "2" "1
570 LOCATE
10,1
580 BINRIGHT(STR(BIT1),1)
RIGHT(STR(BIT2),1)RIGHT(STR(BIT3),1)RIGHT(S
TR(BIT4),1)PRINTPRINT " Binary Value
"BIN 590 PRINTPRINT
" Decimal Value "VALUE
600 PRINTPRINT "Hexadecimal value
"HEX(VALUE) 610
REM until readyBEEP
620 RETURN

1000 END


1LIST
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C
main() int countputs("Please enter a number
")scanf("d", count)printf("The number is
d",count)
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Visual BASIC