pH

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pH
2
Acids

• Anything that produces H3O ions if dissolved in
  water
• Taste sour
• Turns blue litmus paper red
• When acids dissolve in water, it donates a Hion
  to H2O
• Example HCl

3
Strong acids

• Strong acids separate into ions completely in
  water
• Ex all HCl molecules separate into H and Cl-
  ions in water

4
Weak acids

• When placed in water, most weak acid molecules
  stay intact
• Ex only a few vinegar molecules (acetic acid,
  HC2H3O2) will separate into ions in water

5
Bases

• Any substance that produces OH- ions in water
• Feels slippery (like soap), tastes bitter
• Turns red litmus paper blue
• Usually found in cleaners
• Ex NaOH

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Strong and Weak Bases

• If placed in water strong bases separate
  completely into OH- ions
• Weak bases only occasionally make OH- ions when
  placed in water
• Weak does not unimportant. Most of bodys
  acid/base reactions require weak acids or bases

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Acid/Base reactions

• Acids and bases react together in certain
  proportions to form salts
• The reactions between acids and bases are called
  neutralization reactions
• Real-life examples (heartburn) and antacids

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pH scale

• The pH scale measures the amount of H3O in a
  solution
• pH of 1 means the solution has a lot of H3O
• pH of 14 means the solution has 10-14 molecules
  of H3O

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Indicators of pH

• Indicators- substances that change color in the
  presence of acids and bases
• Ex litmus paper- red paper turns blue in
  presence of base- blue paper turns red in the
  presence of an acid
• Red cabbage is also a natural indicator
• Indicators have no impact on the reactions of
  acids and bases

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Acids and bases in the body

• Stomach acid (HCl) has a pH of 1-2 and is used in
  digestion- the mucous lining in the stomach
  protects the stomach
• Pancreas and liver release a base to neutralize
  acid when it enters the intestines
• pH of blood is regulated by your breathing
• CO2 makes blood more acidic

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Heres a game

• http//sv.berkeley.edu/showcase/flash/juicebar.htm
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