Congenital malformation of brain

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Congenital malformation of brain

• Meningocele Partial or total absence of
  occipital bones results in protrusion of the
  meninges from the brain.
• Meningoencephalocoele Large defects of occipital
  bone results in protrusion part of the brain and
  even ventricle.
• Anencephaly Failure of the cephalic part of the
  neural tube to close. The vault of the skull is
  missen.
• Hydrocephaly Abnormal accumulation of
  cerebrospinal fluids within the ventricles or
  between the brain and dura matter.

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Spinal cord defects (Spina BIFIDA OCCULATA)

• The spinal vertebrae especially in the lumbar
  region showed failure of neural arch closure and
  result in exposure of the neural tissues .

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Case of Hydrocephaly Spina bifida occulata
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Spina bifida
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Meningocoele
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Hydrocephaly Cleft lip
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Meningoencephalocoele
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Gastroschisis
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Different Abnormalities
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Face Abnormalities

• Cleft lip
• Cleft palate.
• Extreme micrognatha.
• Agnathia (Absence of lower jaw).

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• Abnormal
• Bilateral cleft lip
• Deformed ear

Normal

• Anencephaly
• (missen of head region)
• Absence of ear

Normal
Abnormal
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Limb Abnormalities

• Amelia.
• Micromelia.
• Polydactyly.
• Syndactyly.
• Lobster claw.
• Club foot.
• Congenital hip dislocation.

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• Abnormal
• duplication of foot
• Polydactyly

Polydactyly
Syndactyly (fused toes)
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Sydactyly
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polydactyly
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Club foot
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Abnormal
Supernumerary forepaw phalanx
Bifurcated ribs
Absent of one or more phalanges
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Genital System Abnormalities

• Klinefelter syndrome.
• Turner syndrome.
• Triple X-syndrome.
• Testicular feminization syndrome.
• Intersexuality ( either true hermaphrodite or
  pseudohermaphrodite ).
• Non-descended testis.
• Ectopic testis.

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Kidney Abnormalities

• Renal agenesis.
• Renal hypoplasia.
• Renal duplication.
• Polycystic kidney.
• Pelvic kidney.
• Horse-Shoe-shaped kidney.

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Abdominal Abnormalities

• Diaphragmatic hernia.
• Failure of sternal fusion.
• Ectopic cardia.
• Gastroschisis.

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Eye Abnormalities

• Coloboma iridis.
• Congenital cataract.
• Anophthalmia.
• Microphthalmia.