Polio Eradication

1
Polio Eradication

• Although the number of endemic countries is at an
  all-time low in 2002, the actual number of cases
  was approximately four times higher than last
  year, mostly because of a greatly increased
  number of cases in India and Nigeria.
• Nine states within three countries (India,
  Nigeria and Pakistan) are responsible for over 90
  percent of cases reported in 2002.
• In India, 1005 cases were confirmed in 2002,
  representing 85 percent of new polio cases
  worldwide.
• The northern state of Uttar Pradesh, with a
  population of 173 million, accounted for 66
  percent of cases in the world.
• Surveillance data show the remaining polio burden
  is caused by a failure to vaccinate at-risk
  children both in routine and supplementary
  immunization activities.
• Unless the WHO, the polio eradication partners,
  and the national governments of the affected
  countries urgently address managerial,
  operational, and political barriers, polio
  transmission can be expected to continue
  throughout 2003 and beyond.

2
   
Polio Eradication
Global Polio Eradication Initiative - G8
contributions All figures US millions As at Jan
2003
       

3
Measles Containment

• Measles causes approximately 800,000 deaths each
  year
• Largest single cause of child vaccine-preventable
  deaths.
• Fifth-leading cause of death worldwide among
  children aged lt5 years and causes more deaths in
  this age group than either HIV/AIDS or TB.
•  Since 1997, all confirmed measles cases in the
  United States (totaling 540 cases) have been the
  result of documented or presumed importations
  from measles-endemic countries.  
• Measles vaccine is safe, effective, and cheap
  (0.30 per dose including needle, syringe, and
  disposal).
• U.S. sponsoring resolution on measles at World
  Health Assembly this year.

4
Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization

• Public-Private Partnership begun with 750
  million donation from the Bill and Melinda Gates
  Foundation total resources now above 1 billion
• HHS/CDC sits on the GAVI Board, along with USAID
• Provides countries with resources to strengthen
  routine immunization services pays for vaccines
  against hepatitis B, Hib disease and yellow
  fever, and safe injection materials and provides
  a small one-time investment to help support
  introduction activities.
• GAVI immunization programs are up and running in
  more than 60 out of 74 eligible countries around
  the developing world.
• Approximately two-thirds of funding used to
  purchase vaccines and supplies and the rest is
  for support for capacity development and
  infrastructure
• 10.5 million children so far vaccinated against
  Hepatitis B

5

• GAVI Milestones
• By 2005, 80 of developing countries will have
  routine immunization coverage of at least 80 in
  all districts.
• By 2002, 80 of all countries with adequate
  delivery systems will have introduced hepatitis B
  vaccine. By 2007, all countries.
• By 2005, 50 of poorest countries with high
  disease burdens and adequate delivery systems
  will have introduced Hib vaccine.
• By 2005, the world will be certified polio-free.
  
• By 2005, the vaccine efficacy and burden of
  disease will be known for all regions for
  rotavirus and pneumococcal vaccine, and
  mechanisms identified to make the vaccines
  available to the poorest countries.

6
Global Health Security Action Group

• Established in November 2001 by Health Ministers
  of U.S., Canada, United Kingdom, France, Italy,
  Japan, Germany, and Mexico. European Commission
  and the World Health Organization also
  participate.
• Promotes cooperation on emergency preparedness
  and response against threats of bioterrorism,
  including sharing of plans and strategies.
• Cooperative work on vaccine purchasing and
  stockpiling
• Technical working group on influenza pandemic,
  chaired by the US and the UK, to address existing
  RD gaps and needs

7
International HIV Vaccine Research and Clinical
Trials
8

• Round One 58 grants in 40 countries
• 616 million/two years
• Round Two 98 grants in some of the same
  countries plus 45 new ones
• 860 million/two years
• Major investments in health care systems,
  including laboratory capacity, training of
  personnel, clinical care, support for families
  and orphans, prevention education