Getting Out of a Depression

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Getting Out of a Depression The New Deal to WWII
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OCTOBER 1929
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• President Herbert Hoover was blamed for the
  depression
• Went into 1932 Presidential election with very
  little public support

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1932 Presidential Election

• Balanced budget
• High tariffs on foreign goods
• Repeal Prohibition allow the states to control
  alcohol (opposite of what he had said in 1928)

• Promised a New Deal for the country very
  vague
• Repeal Prohibition

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1932 Presidential Election

• The American Public wanted hope
• Roosevelts vague Platform provided that hope

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FDR - The Man and the Politician

• Roosevelts personal life prepared him for the
  Presidency in 1933
• He gained the Publics trust
• Inaugural address
• Fireside chats

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First 100 Days of FDR's Presidency (1st New Deal)

• Good relationship with congress
• Three goals of the New Deal
• Relief
• Recovery
• Reform
• Passed a great deal of legislation
• Used deficit spending

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Emergency Banking Relief Act
AIM Recovery PURPOSE Only those banks with
enough funds to meet depositors demands could
reopen. All others had to remain closed.
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Glass-Steagall Act
AIM Reform PURPOSE Prohibited banks from
speculating in the stock market.
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
INITIALS FDIC AIM Reform PURPOSE Insured
savings accounts of up to 5,000 against bank
failures.
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Civilian Conservation Corporation
INITIALS CCC AIM Relief PURPOSE Provided
jobs for young men to plant trees, build bridges
and parks, and set up flood control projects.
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Federal Emergency Relief Administration
INITIALS FERA AIM Relief PURPOSE Gave
relief to the unemployed and needy
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FERA
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FERA
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Civil Works Administration
INITIALS CWA AIM Relief PURPOSE Gave 4
million people a variety of jobs, some created
make-work projects that produced nothing of value.
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CWA - road construction
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National Recovery Administration
INITIALS NRA AIM Recovery PURPOSE Enforced
codes that regulated wages, prices and working
conditions.
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Public Works Administration
INITIALS PWA AIM Relief PURPOSE Built
ports, schools, and aircraft carriers Prime
the Pump
Laguardia Airport
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Tennessee Valley Administration
INITIALS TVA AIM Reform PURPOSE Built dams
and provided cheap electrical power to 7 southern
states. Set up schools and health centers.
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Tennessee Valley
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TVA
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TVA - Community refridgerator
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TVA
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TVA
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TVA
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Agricultural Adjustment Administration
INITIALS AAA AIM Relief PURPOSE Paid
farmers not to grow certain crops.
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Opposition to FDR

• Business leaders, bankers and newspaper editors
  ND had gone too far
• Herbert Hoover
• Father Coughlin (radio program) wanted to
  abandon the gold standard
• Huey Long ND was too conservative

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Programs for the Second New Deal

• Opposition made it difficult to pass more
  legislations
• 2nd New Deal fixed faltering programs of the
  first New Deal and tried to address some of the
  critics concerns

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Work Progress Administration
INITIALS WPA YEAR 1935 PURPOSE To replace
the failed CWA, and provide jobs to the
unemployed. Tried to preserve the skills of
American artists, actors, and writers by paying
them to practice their craft.
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WPA
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WPA
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WPA
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WPA - Flood control in Louisiana
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Social Security
YEAR 1935 PURPOSE Welfare system to aid the
aged, the disabled and the unemployed.
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The Wagner Act
YEAR 1935 PURPOSE The act outlawed
union-busting tactics and said that whenever a
majority of a companys workers voted for a union
to represent them, management would have to
negotiate with the union on all matters of wages,
hours and working conditions.
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The Election of 1936

• Alfred M. Landon Republican
• Platform
• Condemned the New Deal yet he only called for a
  few specific changes
• Balanced Budget
• Reduce federal power and return more power to the
  states

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Roosevelt's Supporters

• Northern African-Americans traditional
  republicans The party of Lincoln - supported
  FDR
• Farmers, Southern-whites, city dwellers,
  industrial workers

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Roosevelt's Opponents

• Business interests that were upset by the new
  regulations and corporate taxes
• Conservative newspaper editors
• Rich Americans angered by high taxes
• Some accused Roosevelt of being a Socialist

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Roosevelt Wins!!!
61 of the Popular Vote and all states but 2
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Packing the Court

• Upset by the lack of support from the Supreme
  Court Roosevelt proposed appointing 1 new judge
  for each justice over 70.

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OPPOSITION
Democrats and Republicans saw this as a move
towards a dictatorship.
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RESULTS

• Congress turned Roosevelts proposal down
• Supreme Court became more agreeable
• During his Presidency FDR ended up appointing 8
  out of the 9 judges that sat on the court in 1945

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The New Deal Ends

• A second economic decline 1937-1938
• Wiped-out all economic gains made since 1934
• Balancing the Budget was impossible Deficit
  Spending became the only answer
• 1938 Congressional Election
• Republicans gained the majority of the seats
• Conservative Congress successfully blocked future
  reform