Nonprofit Organizations in Regional, Local and Civil Society Development:

1

• Nonprofit Organizations in Regional, Local and
  Civil Society Development
• Estonian and Baltic Sea Region cases

Estonian NGO Roundtable
Helmut Hallemaa Representative Council of
Estonian NGO Roundtable Baltic Sea NGO
Consultative Committee Development and
Stabilization Foundation (ASSA) Institute of
Geography, University of Tartu International
Society for Third-Sector Research (ISTR)
Contact 372 513 1241 helmuthallemaa_at_hot.e
e arengussa_at_hot.ee www.emy.ee
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Location of Estonia in Europe and its
administrative and development units counties
and regions. HARJU counties of Estonia A37
statistical code of counties of Estonia A -
Development regions and perspective
administrative regions of Estonia A - North
Estonia, B - West Estonia, C North-East
Estonia, D South Estonia A statistical code
of development and administrative regions by
present research
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Development and dynamics of nonprofit sector
in Estonia, 1998 2004 nonprofit organizations
in total (NPO) nonprofit associations (A),
foundations (F) and churches and religious
organizations (C R) registered in official
state registers
Date A
F C R
NPO Changes Number
Number Number 01.01.1998
6 499 90,78 65 0,91
595 8,31 7 159
01.01.1999 13 669 93,94 247
1,70 635 4,36 14 551
7 392 01.01.2000 13 703
92,66 431 2,92 654 4,42
14 788 237
01.01.2001 13 817 93,14 379
2,55 639 4,31 14 835
47 01.01.2002 15 943
93,63 439 2,58 646 3,79
17 028 2 193 01.01.2003
17 808 94,11 505 2,66
700 3,71 19 013 1
985 01.01.2004 19 398 93,79
574 2,77 711 3,44 20 683
1 670
Today is out of statistics of nonprofit
organizations very numerous informal societies or
informal partnerships or non-registered societies
Based on the data of Registers Centre of
Estonian Ministry for Justice (Hallemaa, 2003,
2004b, 2004c)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT in Baltic Sea Region

• Today one of the main tasks in the Baltic Sea
• region is to DEVELOP THE CIVIL SOCIETY and
  NGOs
• IV Baltic Sea NGO Forum 2004 and its delegates
• encouraged NGOs, CBSS, each Baltic Sea state,
• parliament and government to fix the
  development
• of civil society as a key priority
• This need for Civil Society Development in
  Baltic
• Sea Region was also emphasized at the 13th
• Conference of the Baltic Sea Parliamentary
• Conference (BSPC) in Bergen in August 2004

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable

• The Baltic Sea NGO Forum
• Hosted by NGOs of Rotating CBSS Presidency
• Annually, 2nd quarter of the year

• The Baltic Sea NGO Consultative Committee
• Meets at least twice a year
• One representative per country (National Focal
  Point)
• One expert per country
• Heads (representatives) of Working Groups of
  Cooperation Networks
• Chaired by representative from country of
  Rotating CBSS Presidency

Cooperation Networks
National Focal Points of 11 countries
National Platforms
NGOs of the Baltic Sea countries
THE BALTIC SEA NGO NETWORK 2004 according to the
Final Statement of the IV Baltic Sea NGO Forum
(Final Statement , 2004 The Statute of the
Baltic Sea NGO Network , 2004 Hallemaa, 2004)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Final statement of IV Baltic Sea NGO Forum
(16 17 April 2004 Pärnu, Estonia)
The IV Baltic Sea NGO Forum emphasizes

• Development of Civil Society and Democracy
• Strengthening of the Baltic Sea NGO Network
• Development of Cooperation and Partnership
  between NGOs and Public Institutions in the
  Baltic Sea Region
• Development of Cooperation and Partnership
  between NGOs and Public Institutions in Europe
• Development of Cooperation between NGOs and
  Various Networks in the Baltic Sea Region
• Development of Cooperation between NGOs and
  Various Networks in Europe
• Improvement of NGOs' Knowledge and Potential
• Baltic Sea Preservation and Protection of
  People and Environment
• Guaranteeing the Sustainability of Civil Society
  Development and Baltic Sea NGO Forums

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Funding of Civil Society Development and NGOs
activities

• IV Forum emphasizes Guaranteeing the
  Sustainabilityof Civil Society Development and
  Baltic Sea NGO Forums
• The key issue for successful development projects
  of NGOsis FINANCING OF ACTIVITIES, COOPERATION
  and BUILDING UP THE NECESSARY SYSTEM
• EUROPEAN UNION STRUCTURAL FUNDS, especially
  INTERREG IIIA (cross-border regions), INTERREG
  IIIB (Baltic Sea Region) and INTERREG IIIC (all
  Europe)
• Need and challenge for establishing a BALTIC SEA
  CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION
• Mobilization and use of all financial resources
  of the BalticSea States, CBSS, European Union,
  European Commissionand others is essential for
  this
• Start preparatory work in close cooperation of
  all of partners as soon as possible
• Supporting the Sustainability of Baltic Sea NGO
  Network and Forums as one of the guarantees for
  Civil Society Development in the Baltic Sea
  Regions

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Enlargement of European Union EUROPEAN UNION
STRUCTURAL FUNDS
INTERREG new possibility for international
cooperation in whole Baltic Sea Region

• INTERREG IIIA is for cross-boarder cooperation
  and projects between boarder regions of Estonia,
  Russia, Finland and Latvia
• and other neighbours
• INTERREG IIIB is for cooperation and projects
  between states, in our regions cooperation for
  the Baltic Sea Region
• INTERREG IIIC is interregional cooperation and
  projects for all Europe

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT ESTONIAN CASE
ESTONIAN CIVIL SOCIETY DEVELOPMENT CONCEPT
(EKAK)
The Estonian Civil Society Development
Concept (hereinafter EKAK) is a document which
describes the different roles of the public
sector and the nonprofit sector which supplement
each other, and the cooperation principles in
developing and implementing public policies and
building up the civic society. (From EKAK)

• History and traditions of the Estonian societies
  and
• associations go back to the middle of the 19th
  century
• The Estonian NGO-s and NPO-s prepared in the end
  of
• 1990s Approval of the Estonian Civil Society
  Development
• Concept (EKAK)

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable

• The EKAK has been adopted by the 1st General
  Assembly
• of Estonian NGO Roundtable in the beginning
  of 2001
• EKAK was handed over to the Parliament of
  Estonia in
• May 2001
• Estonian Parliament Riigikogu adopted EKAK as a
  state
• document and long-term instruction on the 12we
  of
• December 2002
• Joint Commission of the government of Republic
  of
• Estonia and representatives of the citizens
  associations
• and it sets has been established in summer
  2003 for
• implementing and on base of EKAK
• On 12we of August 2004 the Estonian Government
• unanimously adopted the implementation plan of
  2004
• 2006 of the EKAK

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable

• For characterizing role, possibilities and scope
  of NPO in
• regional development, local or community
  development
• and civil society development, we have examined
  and made
• statistical analysis for indexes
• For such we have taken relatively integrated
  indexes,
• describing the potential of development, level
  and possibilities of
• regions on one hand and strength and
  development of NPO and
• Civil Society on the other hand (Hallemaa,
  2004b, 2003c, 2003d)

• Personal income tax received into local budget
• per inhabitant (PIT/inh)
• (2) Nonprofit organizations or civil society
  
• organizations per 1000 inhabitants (NPO/R)

• We have calculated indexes as well as by
  Estonia, its regions,
• counties and local administrations and in
  different years

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable

• We have arranged in groups administrative and
• development units of Estonia by the
• development level of Civil Society or NGOs
  (CS)
• and development resources (DR), used resources
  
• or base for civil society development and
  regional
• development, based on indexes NPO/R and
  PIT/inh
• As the basic dividing axes in such table has
  been
• taken average indexes for Estonia both by NPO/R
  
• and PIT/inh (Hallemaa, 2004c)

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Nonprofit organizations or civil society
organizations per 1000 inhabitants (index NPO/R)
by Estonia and its local administrations (valid
N N) in 1998 - 2004 (in the boundaries by 1st of
January 2004) (by Hallemaa (2004a, 2004b))
Mark year Valid Average index
Minimum Maximum No N under average
(index) N by
Estonia by local administrations number


NPO/R 1998 241
5,14 0,00 39,53
159 66,0 NPO/R 1999
241 10,55 0,00
46,04 168 69,7 NPO/R
2000 241 10,78
0,00 38,10 162
67,2 NPO/R 2001 241
10,85 0,00 51,59
171 71,0 NPO/R 2002
241 12,51 0,00
56,68 175 72,6 NPO/R
2003 241 14,02
0,00 60,98 175
72,6 NPO/R 2004 241 15,31

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Personal income tax received into local budget
per inhabitant (index PIT/inh) by Estonia and its
local administrations (valid N N), in 1998 -
2004 (in the boundaries by 1st of January 2004)
(by Hallemaa (2004a, 2004b))
Mark year Valid Average index
Minimum Maximum No N under average
(index) N by
Estonia by local administrations number


PIT/inh 1998 241
2496,3 531,0 5482,4
217 90,0 PIT/inh 1999 241
2654,3 555,7 5360,2
216 89,6 PIT/inh 2000
241 2675,6 531,3
5216,6 211 87,6 PIT/inh 2001
241 2883,9 546,1
5482,8 210
87,1 PIT/inh 2002 241 3194,6
654,8 6743,8 205
85,1 PIT/inh 2003 241
3619,3 672,6 12140,4
203 84,2 PIT/inh 2004 241
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Nonprofit organizations per 1,000 inhabitants or
index NPO/R by counties of Estonia, 1 January
2003 (Hallemaa, 2004c, 2004d)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Personal income tax per capita received into
local government budget or index PIT/inh by
counties of Estonia, 2003 (Hallemaa, 2004c,
2004d)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Nonprofit organizations per 1,000 inhabitants or
index NPO/R by local government units of Estonia,
2003 (Hallemaa, 2004c, 2004d)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Personal income tax received into local
government budget per capita or index PIT/inh by
local government units of Estonia, 2003
(Hallemaa, 2004c, 2004d)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Counties of Estonia by the development level of
Civil Society and entity of development
resources, 2003 (Hallemaa, 2004c, 2004d)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Local government units of Estonia by the
development level of Civil Society and entity of
development resources, 2003 (Hallemaa, 2004d)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
ESTONIAN NGO ROUNDTABLE or ROUNDTABLE OF ESTONIAN
NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS
ESTONIAN NGO ROUNDTABLE
The Roundtable of Estonian Non-Profit
Organizations (hereinafter Roundtable) is

• a public and open form of co-operation for
  Estonian non-profit organizations (non-profit
  associations, foundations, informal
  partnerships),
• which was established for discussing the
  principal issues and forming opinions concerning
  the non-profit sector,
• as well as for protecting the interests of the
  sector and its constituent organizations.

By Statutes of the Roundtable of Estonian
Non-profit Organizations or Estonian NGO
Roundtable
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
NGO Roundtables in Estonia aims and tasks

• The goals of the Roundtable include
• discussing the general issues pertaining to the
  activities of the non-profit sector (i.e. general
  legislative background regulating the sector,
  funding of the sector and tax policy, incentives
  for the activities of the sector, principles of
  co-operation with the public authorities,
  self-esteem of the sector, development of the
  support system for the sector, inter-sectoral
  information and communication system etc) and
• forming positions with regard to these issues
• Operating principles are
• Openness
• Participatory democracy
• Transparency
• Solidarity
• The relationship of the Roundtable with
  non-profit organizations operating on the basis
  special acts is based on mutual consultations and
  on the work of joint co-operation structures in
  matters of interest to the parties

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
ESTONIAN NGO ROUNDTABLE General Assembly,
Representative Council, Chambers other
structures

• General Assembly

Chamber of Foundations (5)
Chamber of Informal Partnerships or Informal
Societies (5)
Representative Council
Chamber of Nonprofit Associations (8)
Chamber of Umbrella Organizations (Networks) (5)
(33 elected members)
Chamber of Minority Organizations (5)

Chamber of Childrens and Youth Organizations
(5)

• Regional or Territorial NGO Roundtables

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
NGO Roundtables in Estonia participation in NGO
cooperation of region
Estonian NGO Roundtable www.emy.ee

• Open forum for all Estonian NGO-s
• Estonian National Platform of the Baltic Sea NGO
  Network
• Representative Council of Estonian NGO Roundtable
  is Estonian National Focal Point of the Baltic
  Sea NGO Network
• IV Baltic Sea NGO Forum Challenges for Baltic
  Sea Civil Society in a Changing Europe
• Pärnu, Estonia on 16 17 April 2004

Code of Ethics for Estonian NPO-s

• Adopted by II General Assembly of Estonian NGO
  Roundtable in April 2002

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Cooperation of NGOs with local authorities

• Cooperation of Estonian NGO Roundtable with
• Association of Estonian Cities and
• Association of Municipalities of Estonia
• Roundtable or such Cooperation Form
• Decision of IV General Assembly of Estonian
• NGO Roundtable on cooperation between NGOs
• and local authorities and administrations

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
NGO support systems (NGO SS)

• All associations of the Third Sector need for
  their
• operating and work cultural, social and
  economical
• capital
• NGO SS create and help to grow these three
  capitals
• NGO SS on several levels 1) State 2) Regional
  3)
• Local 4) Structural
• Key and basic questions and measures also
• aspirations and results of the NGO SS shall
  be and are

1) Institutional structure, supporting citizens
initiatives 2) Infrastructure of NPS 3)
Professionalism of NPO-s (and NPS) and 4)
Sustainability of NPO-s (NPS) (Hallemaa, 2001,
2002)
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
Several participants, social partners and doers
in community development are

• Inhabitants of settlement units without the
  status of local administration and their
  self-initiative
• Acting groups in Community Development
  (grass-roots organizations)
• 3) Elders of villages
• 4) Neighbouring villages
• 5) Local administrations
• 6) Cooperation and joint acting forms of civil
  society organizations and nonprofit sector
• 7) State development programs
• 8) State and Government
• 9) European Union and its development programs
  and funds
• 10) Other international structures and forms

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
As acting groups in community development (AGCD)
shall be treated
1) Independent AGCD 2) Development societies and
associations 3) Territorial societies and
associations, including villages societies 4)
Information rooms and training centres 5) Womens
and familys societies and movements 6) Other
societies of sphere of interest 7) Other forms
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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable

• The main sources of direct funding for community
  development are

• Public sector local authorities
• Public sector regional/national
• National governments
• National development programs
• EU structural funds and development programs
• Other international resources
• Voluntary and NGO sector and energy
• Self-initiative of citizens
• Social partners

• We have started to describe and map several
  different types and models of Community
  Development

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NPO-s in Regional and Civil Society Development
Helmut Hallemaa (2005)
Estonian NGO Roundtable
THANK YOU!
Helmut Hallemaa Member of Representative Council
of Estonian NGO Roundtable (Estonian National
Focal Point) Chairman of Council of Development
and Stabilization Foundation (ASSA
Estonia) Chairman of Baltic Sea NGO Consultative
Committee (2003 2004) PhD student at Institute
of Geography, University of Tartu (Estonia)
Member of International Society for Third-Sector
Research (ISTR)
Contact 372 513 1241
www.emy.ee
helmuthallemaa_at_hot.ee arengussa_at_hot.ee