Spreadsheets and Business Graphics: Facts and Figures

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SpreadsheetsandBusiness GraphicsFacts and
Figures

• Chapter 13

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Objectives

• Describe the advantages of spreadsheets
• List several applications for spreadsheets
• Explain the underlying principles of electronic
  spreadsheet use
• Describe how to set up and modify a spreadsheet
• Describe the advantages of business graphics
• Differentiate between analytical and presentation
  graphics
• Name the elements of standard charts and graphs

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Contents

• Why Use Spreadsheets?
• Working with Spreadsheets
• Business Graphics
• Analytical Graphics
• Presentation Graphics

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Why Use Spreadsheets?

• Plan ahead (What if)
• Make the computer do the work
• See the results of change

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The Nature of Spreadsheets

• Use numbers to track performance
• Manual
• Tedious
• Time-consuming
• Error-prone
• Electronic spreadsheets
• Automate
• Increase ability to track performance

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Electronic Spreadsheets

• VisiCalc
• First electronic spreadsheet program
• 1979
• Apple II microcomputer
• Computer becomes an indispensable tool for
  financial analysis

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Electronic SpreadsheetsLabor Saving

• Automatic recalculation
• Change one value
• All dependent values are recalculated
• A single change can affect many calculations

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Electronic SpreadsheetsLabor Saving

• What If Analysis
• The process of changing one or more spreadsheet
  values and observing the resulting calculated
  effect
• What if we reduce the price by 5?
• What if we buy a home and the mortgage rate
  increases by .5?

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Working with Spreadsheets

• Plan
• Create
• Edit and proofread
• Format
• Print
• Add graphics
• Provide data security password, protect

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Working with Spreadsheets
The plan
The result
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Electronic SpreadsheetsHow it Works

• Enter data and calculations
• Electronic spreadsheet automatically performs the
  calculations
• Error-free results are displayed on the
  spreadsheet
• Print
• Store to be used again

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Electronic SpreadsheetsFundamentals

• Screen
• Window into the spreadsheet
• Scroll using mouse or cursor-movement keys
• Rows and columns
• Row number
• Column letters

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Electronic SpreadsheetsFundamentals

• Cell
• Junction of a row and column
• Cell address (cell reference) letter and number
• Active cell (current cell)
• Highlighted with border or reverse video
• Can enter or edit data in active cell only

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Cell Contents

• Label
• Descriptive text about entries
• Not used for calculations
• Value
• Number
• May be used in calculations

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Cell ContentsFormula

• Calculation instruction
• Contains
• Cell address
• One or more arithmetic operators
• Functions
• Result appears in the cell containing the formula
• Calculation appears in the formula bar

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Cell ContentsFunctions

• Pre-programmed formulas
• Used in formulas in place of operators
• Common
• SUM
• AVERAGE
• COUNT
• MIN
• MAX

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Cell Ranges

• Group of one or more adjacent cells occurring in
  a rectangular shape
• Treated as a unit during an operation
• Indicate the upper-left and lower-right cells of
  the block
• May be referenced in a formula or function

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Formatting Features

• Column width
• Row height
• Headings
• Number styles commas, number of decimals,
  dollar and percent signs
• Appearance of data
• Justification
• Text font and style

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Formatting Features

• Decoration
• Borders
• Color
• Clip art
• Business graphics
• Shows words and numbers in visual form
• Quickly and easily understood

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Business Graphics

• Generate and sustain the interest of an audience
• Make a lesson, report, or business document more
  attractive
• Help get a point across
• Can reveal a trend that is lost in a column of
  numbers
• Presenter appears more prepared and organized

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Business Graphics

• Analytical graphics
• View and analyze data
• Presentation graphics
• Make a positive impression during a presentation

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Analytical GraphicsAnalysis-oriented Graphics

• Help users analyze and understand data
• Line
• Bar
• Pie

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Line Graphs

• Axis
• Plot area
• Data point
• Labels
• Titles

• Shows trends or cycles over time

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Bar Graphs

• Comparisons
• Rectangular area up to the height of the point
  being plotted
• Easy to absorb

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Pie Charts

• Proportions
• Relationship between parts and whole
• One time period
• Exploded pie chart
• One wedge pulled slightly away from the pie

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Presentation Graphics Business-quality Graphics

• Look like preparation by professional graphic
  artist
• Charts
• Graphs
• Visual aids
• Control the appearance when you create it
• Produce graphics faster
• Make last-minute changes

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Presentation Graphics Business-quality Graphics

• Edit and enhance charts created by other programs
• Create charts, diagrams, drawing, and text slides
• Use clip art
• Support animated effects
• Add sounds

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Presentation Graphics Business-quality Graphics

• Hardware
• High-resolution color monitor
• Color printer
• Ability to project computer slides on a screen

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