EUROPEAN FILM

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EUROPEAN FILM
Cinematography is an art with no future. Louis
Lumière, 1895
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• Some famous early films film directors
• The Battleship Potemkin (1925, USSR, silent /
  war)
• Fritz Lang (German) Metropolis (1927 / sci-fi)
• Alfred Hitchcock (UK) Blackmail (1929, first
  British sound film / thriller)

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• Some notable European film movements
• Era of Realism in Europe after WWI
• German expressionism (esp. 1920s) also New
  German Cinema
• Italian neorealism (1940s-60s)
• French New Wave (1950s-60s)

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• Polish Film School (1950s-60s)
• Dogme 95
• Czechoslovak New Wave (1960s)
• Also influence of New Hollywood (1960s-80s)
• European strategies in film policy
• National public funding for film
• Transnational cooperation
• The festival system as cultural exhange and
  publicity the European Art film and Major
  Mainstream movies
• Low-budget films and dogma-movement

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• Hollywood vs. Europe
• Hollywood world-wide distribution, ca. 85
  market share in WE
• Europe small domestic markets, difficult
  distribution abroad
• Now polarization of industry
• Change in 1980s videos on a VCR
• In 1990s DVD
• Growth in revenues and assets but more mainstream
• Digital cinema and 3D Digital?

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• Problem of government funding
• Film as cultural and commercial good?
• Art should be supported by the goverment?
• Contribution to cultural diversity?
• But high cost
• Growing budgets lead to an ever growing share of
  international (i.e. inter-European)
  co-productions
• Which movies to subsidize?
• National identity, support to language
• Encouraging or discouraging competition?
• Question of popularity?

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• Film production, a new high 2006
• Total of 862 films were produced in the 25 states
• Increase of 47 films in relation to 2005 (815
  films)
• Countries contributing to overall growth
• Germany (20 fiction features)
• Italy (20 films)
• Spain (15 films)
• Positive growth in cinema admissions
• Renewed growth (following a 11 2004-2005)
• 926 million tickets sold 2006 (3.6 )
• Baltic states, high growth Lithuania almost
  doubled, Estonia 40.2 and Latvia 22.7

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• About European directors
• Andrei Tarkovsky on cinema (year unknown)
• Jean-Luc Godard on his films (1973)
• Roman Polanskis short film Lampa (1959)
• Terence Stamp about Federico Fellinis directing
• Ahmed Imamovics Best short film of Europe 2002

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• Some sources
• Euroscreenwriters, http//zakka.dk/euroscreenwrite
  rs.htm
• Gerald Mast 2003 A Short History of the Movies.
• Peter Schepelern (ed.) 1986 A Reader on European
  Film History.
• Jill Forbes Sarah Street (eds.) 2001 European
  Cinema. An Introduction.
• Focus 2007. World Film Market Trends.
• European Cinema Yearbook 2006.