Microsoft 'NET

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Microsoft .NET
Introduction into the next generation of Internet
Applications
Tuna Oezer Ex-Program Manager Runtime Kernel
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Outline

• Evolution
• .NET Overview
• .NET Architecture
• Common Language Runtime
• C

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Evolution of the Internet

• 1st Generation 1994 1996
• Infrastructure
• Static Pages
• E-mail
• Browsers, Web Servers

• 2nd Generation 1996 2000
• Dynamic Pages
• Personalization, e-commerce
• Applets, Databases

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The Future of the Internet

• 3rd Generation
• Beyond Browsing
• Integration of Internet
• Web Services
• XML

Service 3
XML
Server
Service 2
XML
XML
HTML
/XML
XML
Service 1
Client
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Evolution of the PC

• Past Desktop is only device

• Future Many Devices, Mobility
• Desktop
• Notebook
• PDA
• Tablet PC
• TV, Toaster, etc.

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Evolution of Hardware

• Moor's Law
• Computing power increases exponentially
• Computing cost decreases

• Networking
• Broadband network access
• Static connections
• Wireless

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Evolution of Software

• From Standalone to Networking
• Necessity to interoperate with many devices
• Distributed Software

• From Product to Service
• Open Source
• Subscription to software
• Services around software

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Microsoft .NET

• Move towards a service oriented business model
• Provides a platform and tools for service
  providers
• Integrate and connect many different kinds of
  devices over Internet

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Scenario

• Example Health Care

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Scenario

• Example Health Care
• Smart devices
• Mobility, geographic services
• Medical information is stored online
• Appointments can be scheduled online (Web
  Service)
• Authentication, Security
• Broadband, wireless networks
• Interactive user interface

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Microsofts Vision

• People will use many different kinds of devices

• Information will be accessible from anywhere

• Information will stay in digital form

• Companies will offer services via the web

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Guest Speaker

• Bill Gates, Chief Software Architect

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Guest Speaker

• Bill Gates, Chief Software Architect
• Platform for Internet and a Variety of Devices
• Smart devices
• Digital World
• Data, XML, Services
• Need easier development of Internet applications
• More powerful hardware and networks

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Microsofts Mission

• Empower people through great software any time,
  any place, and on any device

• Provide a platform for the Internet
• .NET Framework
• Provide tools for developers
• Visual Studio .NET
• Provide data storage and access
• .NET Enterprise Servers
• Provide services over the Web
• Passport, Hotmail, Directory,

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Vision of Software Industry

• .NET vision is shared by many companies

• Microsoft offers complete solution

• Important differences between visions
• Smart devices vs. dumb terminals
• Write once run everywhere vs. adapt to device
  and interoperate with others (Orchestration)

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Different Approaches
Desktop, Servers
.NET
.NET Framework
.NET Compact Framework
Smart Devices (PocketPC, Set Top Box, etc)
Java
Functionality, Power, Features
Pager, Cell Phone, etc.
.NET Compact Framework and Other
Reach across device form factors, CPUs, OSes
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Open Standards

• .NET is based on open Internet standards
• .NET itself is an open standard
• ECMA standardization is currently in progress

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Microsoft .NET Includes

• .NET Framework
• Visual Studio .NET
• ASP .NET
• Windows .NET
• .NET Enterprise Servers
• Building Block Services

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.NET Architecture
Open Internet Protocols SOAP, SCL, DISCO HTTP,
SMTP, XML, WAP, XSD
Your Application and Web Service
Orchestration
OtherApplications Using Your Service
.NET Framework
Building Block Services
Operations
Windows CE, 2000, XP, .NET
End-UserClients
Public Web Services
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.NET Framework
Orchestration
.NET Enterprise Servers
Building Block Services
.NET Framework
Windows (CE, ME, 2000, and .NET)
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Base Classes
System
Security
Collections
ServiceProcess
Configuration
Text
Diagnostics
Threading
Globalization
IO
Runtime
InteropServices
Net
Remoting
Reflection
Serialization
Resources
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Web Services
Framework
Concept
Web Protocol
Data
XML
Objects
Schema
XSD (XML Schema Definition)
Classes
Methods
Services
SCL (SOAP Configuration Language)
Invocation
SOAP
Calls
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XML Built in

• XML Parser is built into .NET Framework
• XML custom parser automatically generated from
  XSD document and compiled into native code
• SOAP is built into .NET

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Common Language Runtime

• Platform for .NET applications
• Provides runtime support
• Provides security features
• Enables interoperation of applications

XML, SOAP, etc.
Other Application (CLR)
Your Application (CLR)
Other Application (Other platform)
CLR
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Services of the CLR

• Class Loading and Layout
• Garbage collection (dynamic)
• 20-40 clock cycles for deallocation, scalable and
  multi-processor
• Code Manager (manages execution)
• Exception Manager (based on SEH)
• Type Checker
• Security Engine
• Thread Support
• Debug Engine
• COM Marshaler

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One Runtime For All Languages

• CLR is an open standard
• Any language can make use of CLR services
• Any language can use classes written in any other
  language (consumer)
• Any language can (code) inherit classes written
  in any other language (extender)
• A language can become a provider

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Types of Supported Languages

• Object Oriented
• Procedural
• Functional
• Common Language Specification
• Same Tool can be used for all languages

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Metadata Creation And Use
Reflection
Source Code
Serialization (e.g. SOAP)
Designers
Compiler
Other Compiler
Debugger
Metadata (and code)
Profiler
Type Browser
Proxy Generator
Schema Generator
XML encoding (SDL or SUDS)
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Current List of Languages

• Ada
• APL

• Java .NET (Rational)

• ML (MS Research Cambridge)
• Mercury (Melbourne U.)
• Oberon (Zurich University)
• Oz (Univ of Saarlandes)
• Perl
• Python

• Basic (Visual Basic)
• C
• C
• C

• COBOL
• Component Pascal(Queensland Univ of Tech)

• ECMAScript (JScript)

• Eiffel (Monash University)
• Haskell (Utrecht University)

• Scheme (Northwestern U.)

• SmallTalk

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Built-in Support For

• Classes
• Global Procedures, Static, Instance and Virtual
  Methods
• Subroutines and Co-routines
• Constructors
• Inheritance (Type and Code)
• Overriding and Overloading
• Access Control and Hiding
• Attributes

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All Object Oriented

• All data types are objects, including Integers,
  Chars, etc.
• Single Object class for all languages

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Value Types

• Represent primitive types in an efficient way
• Extensible
• Boxing and unboxing

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Intermediate Language (IL)

• Assembly Language of CLR
• Code is never interpreted

VC
Standard JITCompiler
VB
IL
NativeCode
...
Econo-JITCompiler
Script
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Verification

• IL is verified by a verifier and guaranteed to be
  type safe
• Checks for type casts, memory initialization,
  array bounds
• Checks stack operations

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Security System

• Permissions
• Grant
• Demand (minimal, optional, refuse)
• Stack walk
• Policy Set of permissions
• Evidence Input to policy
• Zones
• Cryptography
• Signed XML IETF/W3C XMLDSIG
• Fully extensible

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Managed vs. Unmanaged

• Managed Code makes use of CLR services
• Unmanaged Code does not use any services
• Garbage Collector can be turned off
• CLR offers mechanisms for managed code to
  interact with unmanaged code
• Interoperation with hardware specific code and
  other platforms
• Ability to reuse old code

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Versioning

• Multiple versions of component can be installed
  on machine
• A single process can use different version of
  component at same time
• Zero-impact installation and uninstallation (copy)

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Runtime Control Flow
ClassLoader
First reference to type
IL to nativecode compiler
ExecutionSupport
ManagedNativeCode
First call to method
CodeManagers
CPU
SecuritySystem
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Common Language Runtime
Other Classes
Base Classes
Common Language Runtime
IL to native code compilers
Security
ExecutionSupport
GC, stack walker, code manager
Class loader and layout
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C

• Built on top of CLR
• Was designed from ground up to make use of CLR
  services
• Component Oriented
• Properties are first class
• Events are first class

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Hello World
using System class Hello static void
Main() Console.WriteLine(Hello word)

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Structure

• Namespaces
• May be nested
• Types
• Members

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C Type System

• All types extend Object
• There are no primitive types
• Implicit boxing and unboxing

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C Types Definitions

• Classes
• Interfaces
• Contain methods, properties, indexers, events
• Private implementations
• Structs (stack allocated)
• Enums
• Delegates
• Object-oriented function pointers
• Multi-cast

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C Member Definitions

• Constants
• Fields
• Methods (static, instance, virtual)
• Constructors and Destructors
• Properties
• Indexers
• can be overloaded
• Events
• Operators

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Properties
class Person private string _name public
string name get return _name
set _name value
Console.WriteLine(_name)
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Attributes

• Types and members may have attributes associated
  with them
• Attributes are themselves defined by classes,
  extend System.Attribute
• Extensible
• Type-safe
• Used for XML, SOAP, etc.

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Other Features

• Parameter arrays
• Versioning
• new and override
• XML comments

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Unsafe Code

• Interop
• Enables pointer arithmetic
• Pinning

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Conditional Compilation

• define, if, etc.
• Conditional methods
• Attribute Conditional(Debug)
• E.g., Assert