Age of Discovery to Imperialism

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Age of Discovery to Imperialism

• 1490s-1900s

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Age of Exploration

• 1400s-1550s

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Motives for Exploration

• Curiosity
• Economic Expansion
• Religious Zeal
• Spirit of Adventure

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Map of new world(1540)
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The Rise of Portugal

• Prince Henry the Navigator
• African Slave Trade
• Vasco de Gama
• Established trade with India

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The Spanish Empire

• Voyages to the New World
• Christopher Columbus
• Other Explorers
• John Cabot
• Amerigo Vespucci

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Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494

• The new world was already inhabited by millions
  of natives
• The treaty divided the newly discovered
  territories between Spain and Portugal
• Portugal Exclusive rights to Southern route,
  around Africa
• Spain Exclusive rights to western routes to the
  new world

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Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
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Conquistadors

• Hernan Cortez conquered the Aztec empire in three
  years
• Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca empire

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Why did the Europeans Succeed?

• Firearms, organizational skills, and
  determination brought them enormous success
• Aided by European diseases
• Guns, Germs, and Steel

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Conquistadors
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The Columbian Exchange

• Encomienda
• The right of land owners to use Native Americans
  as laborers
• Impact
• Disease
• Force Labor
• Starvation

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Impact of Columbian Exchange

• Native civilizations
• Forced labor, starvation, and diseases wiped out
  the population
• Social and political structures were destroyed

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Impact of Columbian Exchange

• Europe
• New agricultural products (potatoes, coffee,
  corn, tobacco)
• New luxury items (gold, silver, dyes, cotton,
  vanilla)
• Validated sense of superiority

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Colonialism

• 1550s 1800s

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Colonialism

• Portuguese did not have resources to maintain
  overseas empire
• Spanish established permanent settlements in the
  Philippines
• The English and the Dutch established colonies in
  India, Africa, and the Americas

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Motives to Establish Colonies

• Economic gain
• Colonies allowed for profits from industry as
  well as trade
• Escape from religious persecution
• Desire to spread Christianity

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Age of Imperialism

• 1880s - 1914

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The New Imperialism

• Imperialism
• The extension of one nations power over another
• By the end of the 16th century, Europeans had set
  up colonies and trading posts in Africa, Asia,
  and the new world
• The new imperialism of the 19th century sought
  direct control over the lives of the people

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The New Imperialism

• Motives
• Economic
• Capitalists sought raw materials and new markets
• Control over trade to create reliable markets
• Heated Rivalries
• Strategic bases of power
• Sense of great nations
• Social Darwinism
• Sense of racism
• Fit nations will dominate

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Social Darwinism

• The path of progress is strewn with the wrecks
  of nations traces are everywhere to be seen of
  the slaughtered remains of inferior races. Yet
  these dead people are, in very truth, the
  stepping stones on which mankind has arisen to
  the higher intellectual and deeper emotional life
  of today.
• British professor, 1900

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• Motives cont.
• Religious and humanitarian
• White mans burden
• Advanced western nations should help the
  backwards eastern nations.

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