Title: Fetal Development
1An _______ goes down the ______________after
ovulation if a ________ makes its way from the
vagina through the uterus to the egg within
______ hours, conception is likely to occur.
2Egg surrounded by sperm. A sperm __________ the
egg and _________ occurs. It is called a _______
until it reaches the uterus in 3-4 days.
3The embryo may float freely in the uterus for
about ______before __________
Upon implantation, complex connections between
the mother and embryo develop to form the
placenta.
4Multiple Pregnancy
- Sometimes _______
- __________________
- _____________ this is called multiple pregnancy.
- Multiple pregnancies are _____ ______ _______than
single ones.
- Twins are more likely than triplets, and
triplets are more likely than quadruplets. - Becoming more common today because of the use of
_____________.
5Multiple Pregnancy
- Frequency of twins is about ___________.
- Likelihood of having 3 or more is
____________births. - The number of twins continue to rise.
- Health of multiple births are concerning doctors
because of low birth weights (under 3.3 pounds). - Puts them at risk for severe vision, hearing,
mental, and developmental disabilities.
6Twins
- Twins are almost 5 times (triplets 10 times)
more likely to die in their 1st year than single
birth children.
- 2 types of twins
- _____________
- _____________
7Fraternal Twins
- ____________________
- Fraternal twins grow from _________________.
- Each ________ carries a different _______ code
from same parents. - Can be twins, triplets, or higher.
- May or may not be the same ____________
- __________________.
8Identical Twins
- Children develop from a ________that was
fertilized by a ______________ - During the early days of pregnancy, the ovum
splits to produce two or more children. - _______________________________________.
- Babies have an _________________________
- Some twins are _____________(they look the way
you and your mirror image would appear)
9Conjoined Twins
- If the ovum __________________, the babies will
be conjoined twins. - The bodies of these twins are joined in one or
more places.
10Call the doctor if any of the following occur
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
- _______________________________
11Other considerations
- ____________________, including over-the counter
drugs, unless approved by your doctor. - No____________________.
- No __________.
- No ___________________.
- No ______________________.
- Avoid cats, cattle, sheep and pigs. They have a
parasite that causes toxoplasmosis.
12Stages of Prenatal Development
- ___________ Conception takes place
- ___________ tiny human implants into mothers
uterus - ___________ mothers menses stop
- ___________ heart begins to beat
- ___________ pumps own blood through separate
closed circulatory system with own blood type
13Stages of Prenatal Development
- _________ eye, ear, respiratory system form
- _________ brain waves recorded, skeleton
complete, reflexes present - _________ all body systems present
- _________ squint, swallows, moves tongue, makes
fist - _________ spontaneous breathing movements, has
fingernails, all body systems working.
14Stages of Prenatal Development
- ________ weighs one ounce
- ________ genital organs clearly differentiated,
grasps with hands, swims, kicks, turns,
somersaults (still not felt by mother) - ________ vocal cords work can cry
- ________ has hair on head, weighs 1 lb., 12
inches long
15Stages of Prenatal Development
- 23 wks _______ chance of viability outside of
womb if birth premature - 24 wks _______ of babies survive premature birth
- 25 wks _______ of babies survive premature
16Overview 1st Trimester
- _________________________________
- Essential to the proper development of the infant
- All organs, nerve cells, and brain cells develop
- Its vital that all necessary nutrients be
available to the fetus in order to develop
properly
17Overview 2nd trimester
- _______________________ Golden Trimester
- Mother usually feels the best
- Morning sickness and nausea have generally
disappeared
18Overview 3rd Trimester
- _________________________________
- These are important months for the baby as its
organs and body systems mature and prepare to
function on their own. - Fat accumulated during this time will help give
the baby a head start on life
19Overview
- Prenatal Development is separated into 3 periods
- __________________
- Zygote begins at conception and lasts until
implanted in the mothers uterus (10-14 days) - Zygote grows to be about the size of a pinhead
- Roots grow from the zygote into the wall of the
uterus so they can receive nutrients from mothers
blood
20Overview
- 2nd period is known as the ______________
- Embryo lasts from 2 weeks to 8 wks after
conception - Embryo is attached to the mom by the umbilical
cord (20 inches long) which reaches from the
embryos stomach to the wall of the uterus - Umbilical cord is attached to the placenta
(serves as a medium for the exchange of nutrients
and waste between the mother and baby. - Embryo is inside the amniotic sac (protects baby
against bumps, bruises, and temperature change
21Overview
- 3rd stage is the _________________
- Fetus period extends from the end of the 2nd
month of pregnancy until birth - The body parts, organs, and systems which were
formed during the embryo period will become much
more developed and being to function. - The fetus will begin to resemble a human and
features will increase in clarity.
22Signs and SymptomsPregnancy 40 weeks
- A missing ______________
- _________________and nausea
- Frequent ______________
- _______________
- Breasts enlarge
- _________________________
A simple urine test from the doctor will show
whether or not a woman is pregnant.
23First Month
- By the end of the first month, the embryo is
about _______________. The heart, which is no
larger than a ______________, has begun beating.
24Two Months
- The embryo grows to about an inch long and has
distinct, slightly webbed fingers. Veins are
clearly visible. The placenta is already
nourishing the baby through the umbilical cord.
The heart has divided into right and left
chambers. Veins are clearly visible. Most vital
organs are developed.
25Three Months
- Starting at eight weeks, your baby is called a
_______. By the end of the first trimester, the
fetus is 2 1/2 to 3 inches long and is fully
formed. He has begun ___________________. All
organs and muscles have formed and are beginning
to function. The arms, legs, hand, and fingers
are fully developed. The nails on his fingers
and toes are starting to develop
26- _________ Every womans body reacts differently
to pregnancy. - Oily, dry or scaly
- Stretch marks
- Facial skin may darken
- ______________
- Need a few extra breaks or time to relax.
- May experience mood swings, depression and bad
dreams. - Feel _________________
27Four Months
- Your baby is about 2 inches long and is covered
with a layer of thick, downy hair called ______.
The first outlines of the face are showing. His
heartbeat can be heard clearly. This is when many
mothers feel their baby's first thrilling kick
(quickening).
28Five Months
- If you have an ultrasound, you might see him
sucking his thumb. By the end of this month, your
baby will be nearly 8 inches long and weigh
almost a pound. The skull bones are the most
important bones being developed at this time.
29Six Months
- Tiny eyebrows and eyelids are visible. There is
a lot of evidence to show that the baby can
________ the outside world. Your baby's lungs
are filled with amniotic fluid, and he has
started to practice breathing movements. If you
talk or sing, he can hear you. Fingerprints are
formed.
30- Abdomen ___________
- __________ is common
- Expectant fathers take more interest because
they can feel the baby move. - ___________________
- A mother should feel the baby move every couple
of hours. If not, she should call her doctor.
31Discomforts that might be experienced
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
- _____________
32Seven Months
- By the end of the seventh month, your baby weighs
about 3 1/2 pounds and is about 12 inches long.
His body is well formed. Fingernails cover his
fingertips. He may try to turn toward a source of
bright light.
33Eight Months
- Your baby is gaining about half a pound per week,
and layers of fat are piling on under his skin.
He has probably turned head-down in preparation
for his coming birth. He weighs between 4 and 6
pounds.
34Nine Months
- Your baby is a hefty 6 to 9 pounds and measures
somewhere between 19 and 22 inches. The lungs
develop in preparation fro breathing and the head
is now head-down. As he becomes more crowded,
you may feel him move around less. The last few
weeks, the baby drops in preparation for
delivery giving the mother a little breathing
space.
35Danger Signals Call the doctor if any of these
problems occur.
- ___________________
- Sharp _____________/cramping
- Loss of _________
- Frequent ___________
- _________ disturbances
- Nausea or __________
- Sudden and excessive swelling of _______,
________, and _____ - _____________
- Burning, painful _________
- _________
- Vaginal discharge
36Weight gain during pregnancy25-30 pounds
- ________ 7 ½ pounds
- ________ 1 ½ pounds
- ________ 2 pounds
- ______________ 1 ½ pound
- ______________________ 4 ½ pounds
- __________________ 3 pounds
- __________________________ 4 pounds
37Pregnancy Issues
- ____________________
- ____________________
- ____________________
- ____________________
- ____________________
- ____________________
38Toxemia
- A condition in pregnancy, also known as
pre-eclampsia (or preeclampsia) characterized by
abrupt hypertension (a sharp rise in blood
pressure), leakage of large amounts of the
protein into the urine, and edema (swelling) of
the hands, feet, and face. - Pre-eclampsia is the most common complication of
pregnancy. It affects about 5 of pregnancies. - It usually occurs in the third trimester (the
last third) of pregnancy - Its usually most common in 1st pregnancies and
for those who are carrying multiplies or have
diabetes.
39Ectopic Pregnancy
- An ectopic pregnancy is a condition in which a
fertilized egg settles and grows in any location
other than the inner lining of the uterus. - The vast majority of ectopic pregnancies occur in
the Fallopian tube (98), however, they can occur
in other locations, such as the ovary, cervix,
and abdominal cavity. - An ectopic pregnancy occurs in about one in 50
pregnancies. - The major health risk of ectopic pregnancy is
rupture leading to internal bleeding.
40Stillborn
- A stillbirth occurs when a fetus which has died
in the uterus or during labor or delivery, exits
a woman's body. - The term is often used in distinction to live
birth or miscarriage. Most stillbirths occur in
full term pregnancies. - It can occur from infections, placental
abruptions, trauma, umbilical cord accidents,
etc.
41Spontaneous Abortion
- A miscarriage, that is, any pregnancy that is not
viable (the fetus cannot survive) or in which the
fetus is born before the 20th week of pregnancy. - Spontaneous abortion occurs in at least 15-20 of
all recognized pregnancies and usually takes
place before the 13th week of pregnancy.
42Placental Abruption
- Placental abruption is a complication of
pregnancy, wherein the placental lining has
separated from the uterus of the mother. It
refers to the abnormal separation after 20 weeks
of gestation and prior to birth. - It is the most common cause of late pregnancy
bleeding. - It occurs in 1 of pregnancies world wide with a
fetal mortality rate of 20-40 depending on the
degree of separation. - Placental abruption is also a significant
contributor to maternal mortality
43Placenta Previa
- If you have placenta previa, it means that your
placenta is lying unusually low in your uterus,
next to or covering your cervix. The placenta is
the pancake-shaped organ normally located near
the top of the uterus that supplies your baby
with nutrients through the umbilical cord.
44Placenta Previa