Thirty Years War

1
Thirty Years War

• World History
• Week 14
• Chapter 14

2
Holy Roman Empire

• Begins
• Charles the Great Charlemagne
• 800 AD
• Pope Crowning Story
• Is
• (800 1648 AD)
• German States
• Loosely Affiliated for Military Protection

3
Holy Roman Empire

• Holy?
• No established religion
• Over 1000 Different Districts
• Catholic Popes asked for help and frequently
  waged war against
• Reformation
• Peace of Augsburg, 1544
• Established Religion based on Rulers Choice
• Only Catholic or Protestant, No Calvinism

4
Holy Roman Empire

• Roman?
• No claim to Rome or Church of Rome
• Based in Central Europe
• Empire?
• Over 1000 Districts
• Democratically Elected Kings
• Princes voted
• Holy Roman Empire, neither Holy, nor Roman nor
  an Empire, Discuss. Coffee Talk.

5
Thirty Years War, 1618 - 1648

• Spark-
• Bohemia / Czech Nobles unhappy with the Catholic
  Ruler, Ferdinand II, imposing his views on their
  Protestant areas.
• The Defenestration of Prague
• Battle of White Mountain, 1620
• Catholic Forces Destroy the Protestant Nobles
• Loot city of Prague for Weeks
• Protestant Nobles Replaced by Catholics
• Czechoslovakia to this day mainly Catholic

6
Ferdinand II

• Rudolf II

7
Thirty Years War

• Phase I
• Catholics Victorious
• 1629, Edict of Restitution
• Emperor States - All areas Must be Catholic
• Kill them all, let God sort them out
• Generals Profit from destruction
• Recruit killers, not Soldiers
• Emptied the Prisons to fight

8
Thirty Years War

• Phase 2
• Danish Intervention
• King of Denmark,Christian IV
• Protector the Protestants
• Really wants to?
• Expand his territory
• Retreats back to
• Denmark After Military Defeat

9
Thirty Years War

• Phase 3
• Swedish Intervention
• Protectors of the Protestant Faith
• Small Numbers
• Well Trained and Equipped Army
• Battle of Breitenfield, 1631
• 20,000 Swedish Troops Defeat 60,000 H.R.E.
• Military Revolution
• Supply Lines
• Cavalry
• Cannons
• Trusted Troops and Leaders
• Volunteers not Mandatory

10
Thirty Years War

• Phase 4
• French Intervention
• Complete Chaos
• No longer a Religious War
• France / Catholics sending money to Protestants
• Hapsburgs and Spain / Catholics Defeating Swedish
  Protestants
• Pope gives blessing to France to defeat Hapsburgs
  and Spanish

11
Thirty Years War

• End
• 1640s Stalemate
• Death and Destruction throughout Europe
• Everyone Hates Everyone
• Peace of Westphalia, 1648
• Took Years
• Couldnt Agree on where to meet.
• Reinstated the Peace of Augsburg with the
  addition of Calvinism

12
Outcomes

• 1/3 of European Population Dead
• Military Advancements
• Religious Outcomes
• Passions Subside
• Appalled at the Savagery
• Reformation Over
• Impossible to Kill Everyone else
• Tolerance Acceptable

13
Outcomes

• Political Outcomes
• Holy Roman Emperor no Power
• Disappears
• 300 German States Recognized
• Not unified for 200 Years
• Spanish Power declines
• French Dominate Powers
• By Default
• Unified Monarchy
• Dominates Europe until 1870
• French Revolution(s)
• Unification of Germany