Cognitive Views of Learning

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Cognitive Views of Learning

• 1. General Knowledge information that applies
  to many situations.
• 2. Domain-Specific Knowledge information that
  applies to only one specific topic.
• 3. Declarative Knowledge verbal information
  facts knowing that something is the case.

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• 4. Procedural Knowledge knowing how to
  performing a task.
• 5. Conditional Knowledge knowing when and why
  to use declarative and procedural knowledge.
• 6. Artificial Intelligence information
  processing view of memory using the computer as a
  model for human thinking.

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• 7. Sensory Memory system of receptors holding
  sensory information (1-3 seconds huge capacity).
• 8. Perception interpretation of sensory
  information.
• 9. Gestalt theory that states that people
  organize information into coherent wholes.

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• 10. Bottom-Up Processing perceiving based on
  noticing separate defining features and
  assembling them into a recognizable pattern.
• 11. Top-Down Processing perceiving based on the
  context and the patterns you expect to occur in
  that situation.

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• 12. Attention focus on a stimulus.
• 13. Automated Basic Skills the ability to
  perform thoroughly learned tasks without much
  mental effort.
• 14. Short-Term Memory working memory holding a
  limited amount of information briefly (5-9 chunks
  of information for approximately 20-30 seconds).

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• 15. Maintenance Rehearsal keeping information
  in working memory by repeating it to yourself.
• 16. Working Memory the information you are
  focusing on at a given moment.
• 17. Maintenance Rehearsal

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• 18. Elaborative Rehearsal keeping information
  in working memory/long-term memory by associating
  it with something you already know.
• 19. Chunking grouping individual bits of data
  into meaningful larger units.

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• 20. Interference process by which remembering
  information is hampered by the presence of other
  information.
• 21. Decay fading of memory with the passage of
  time.
• 22. Long-Term Memory permanent store of
  knowledge (practically unlimited capacity and
  duration).

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• 23. Schemata basic structures for organizing
  information and concepts.
• 24. Story Grammar typical structure or
  organization for a category of stories.
• 25. Script expected plan for the sequence of
  steps in a common event.

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• 26. Episodic Memory long-term memory for
  information tied to a particular place and time.
• 27. Proactive Interference when previous
  learning interferes with new learning.
• 28. Mnemonics techniques for remembering.

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• 29. Acronym technique for remembering names,
  phrases, or steps by using the first letter of
  each word to form a new memorable word.
• 30. Mnemonic Device
• 31. Metacognitive Awareness knowledge about
  our own thinking processes.

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• 32. Levels of Processing Theory theory that
  states that recall of information is based on how
  deeply it is processed.
• 33. Serial Position Effect the tendency to
  remember the beginning or end (but not the
  middle) of a list or collection of information.
• 34. Episodic Memory/Long-Term Memory

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Activity

• Please get into pairs or groups of three and
  create an introduction to a lesson plan for
  Chapter 7. Your job is to grab the attention of
  your class and to teach them an important point
  from Chapter 7 in a creative manner. Some issues
  you might want to consider
• levels of processing theory mnemonic devices
  memory elaborative rehearsal story grammar
  procedural knowledge serial position effect,
  etc.

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Loci Method

• I need to remember my grocery list.

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What did I need to get at the store?