GCSE PE Monday 3rd December

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GCSE PE Monday 3rd December
Bones
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The Skeleton

• The skeleton has 5 main functions

Support
Shape
Movement
Protection
Production
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• Shape
• The arrangement of our bones gives us our
  framework shape. You might say that someone is
  of a large build because of their skeleton.
  Different builds suit different sports.
• Think of some examples and put them in
  your book.
• Support
• Bones are firm and rigid, they support the
  rest of the body keep us upright. The bones act
  as the framework upon which muscles can hang.
• Movement
• Bones work with muscles in the body to
  create movement. Muscle and bone are joined
  together by tendons. When the bone is forced to
  move by the muscle, it acts as a lever to allow a
  variety of movements. E.g when a tennis player
  swings his racket, the long bones in the arm
  create the leverage necessary to apply force to
  the shot.

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• Protection
• Some bones protect internal organs in the
  body. This is especially important to games
  players in contact sports such as rugby.
• What bones can you think of protect
  vital organs?
• Brain Skull Spinal
  Cord - Vertebrae Liver Rib cage
• Heart Rib cage Bladder -
  Pelvis Lungs Rib cage
• Production
• Red and white blood cells are produced in
  the long bones of the body. White blood cells
  fight germ and bacteria and red blood cells
  transport blood around the body. It is important
  that more supplies of these cells are continually
  produced as they keep wearing out.
• Make sure you have got an explanation of these
  functions in your books along with examples where
  appropriate.

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Complete the sentences below (in your book)
regarding the 5 functions of the skeleton

• Some people choose a particular sport because of
  their _______________ due to their skeleton size.
• The skeleton provides the ______________ on which
  the muscles hang.
• We need our skeleton to work with the muscles to
  allow different ____________________.
• When a player heads the ball his brain is
  __________________ by part of his skeleton called
  the cranium.
• Red blood cells are frequently being
  _______________ in the long bones of the
  skeleton.

Shape
Movement
Support
Protection
Production
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Answers

• Some people choose a particular sport because of
  their SHAPE due to their skeleton size.
• The skeleton provides the SUPPORT on which the
  muscles hang.
• We need our skeleton to work with the muscles to
  allow different MOVEMENT.
• When a player heads the ball his brain is
  PROTECTED by part of his skeleton called the
  cranium.
• Red blood cells are frequently being PRODUCED in
  the long bones of the skeleton.
• Now, lets look at the individual bone names get
  your skeleton sheet!

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Cranium
Clavicle
Scapula
Sternum
Humerus
Ribs
Vertebral Column
Radius
Pelvis
Ilium
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Sacrum
Femur
Patella
Fibula
Tibia
Metatarsals
Tarsals
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You have got 5mins to memorise these bones before
your challenge!!
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What bones are the main ones being used in these
sporting actions? Answers in your books.
3.
1.
6.
4.
7.
2.
5.
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How do our bones grow?
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• There are 4 main stages of bone development in
  our lives
• Prenatal (before birth)
• Newly born
• Childhood
• Puberty
• Bones start off as cartilage and then undergo a
  series of processes to give
• them a firmer structure.
• Ossification is the process of the growth and
  development of our
• bones.

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The order of the ossification processSee P.117
in your text books

• Long bones start as a cartilage model and the
• The periosteal collar (a strong fibrous cover)
  will appear around the shaft (long, thin part of
  bone) of the cartilage model.
• The cartilage begins to calcify.
• The cartilage starts to die off and so gaps are
  left, making a honeycomb structure.
• Gaps are filled with osteoblasts (bone-forming
  cells), blood vessels and osteoclasts
  (bone-eroding cells).
• The whole process starts in the diaphysis (long
  part of the bone) but then extends
• into the epiphyses (the ends of the bones) 3
  areas where ossification takes place.

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TASK Put the pictures and descriptions in the
correct order of ossification.