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Education and Culture Lifelong Learning
Programme ERASMUS
Assist.Prof.Dr. Lucija Hanic
LECTURE 3 Use of recycled aggregate in
mortar www.fg.uni-mb.si/lucija/presentations/2008s
akarya-lecture3.ppt
14 18 April 2008
Home institution University of Maribor Faculty of
Civil Engineering Slovenia
Host institution Sakarya University Technical
Education Faculty Turkey
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Construction and demolition waste
Table 1. Major classes of construction and
demolition waste according to European Waste
Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List, Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), 2002, Ireland.
Construction and demolition (CD) waste is formed
during construction processes on construction
sites and in plants for production of
construction materials and elements. Due to large
quantities of CD waste its disposal in landfills
represents a serious environmental problem.
Therefore attempts are made to separate waste
according to the type of material and to find
possible applications for its reuse.
Hierarchy of techniques for CD waste treatment
Figure 1. Treatment applied to CD debris in
Slovenia for years 2003 to 2006 (SI-Stat, 2007).
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Recycled aggregate
Recycled aggregate (RA) is produced by crushing
some categories of CD waste in mobile or
stationary recycling plants.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
Figure 2. Production of RA (a) demolition site
(b) collection site, (c-d) mobile recycling
machine, (e) unseparated RA produced from
concrete waste, (f-g) stationary recycling plant
with separation equipment and (h) separated RA
produced from concrete waste.
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Mortar made of RA
When RA is used for production of concrete fine
fraction of RA, consisting of particles smaller
than 4 mm, should not be used but should be
replaced by natural sand Thus, it is necessary to
find alternative applications for the fine
fraction of RA in order to implement the Zero
Waste concept and attempts have been made to use
it in mortar mixtures.
Study workability and water retention capacity of
mortar made of RA
For the experimental work six mortar mixtures
were prepared from RA and for comparison
equivalent mixtures were made of natural
aggregate (NA).
Mix proportioning
1. Determination of void space in aggregate
Table 1. Density (?), compacted bulk density (?)
and volume fraction of void space (fV).
(a)
(b)
Figure 3. Particles in (a) loose and in (b)
compacted state.
2. Selection of water-binder (wb) ratio
3. Selection of volume fraction of overfill (fOF)
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Results
Workability
(a)
(b)
(a)
Figure 5. Flow of mortar as a function of fOF
for (a) wb 0.7 and (b) wb 0.8.
Figure 4. Flow of mortar on standard flow table
for (a) NA wb 0.7, fOF 35 and (b) RA wb
0.8, fOF 25 .
(b)
Figure 6. (a-b) Experiment setup for the study of
water retention capacity.
Water retention capacity
(a)
(b)
(a)
Figure 7. Relative mass (uw) of water lost from
the mortar fOF 35 wb ratio (a) 0.7 and (b)
0.8.
(b)
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Further reading
Chen, H.-J., Yen, T. and Chen K.-H. 2003, Use of
building rubbles as recycled aggregates. Cement
and Concrete research, 33, pp. 125-32. Corinaldesi
, V., Giuggiolini, M. and Moriconi, G. 2002, Use
of rubble from building demolition in mortars.
Waste Management, 22, pp. 893-9. Khatib, J.M.
2005, Properties of concrete incorporating fine
recycled aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research,
35, pp. 763-9. Moriconi, G., Corinaldesi, V. and
Antonucci, R. 2003, Environmentally-friendly
mortars a way to improve bond between mortar and
brick. Materials and Structures, 36, pp.
702-8. Tu, T.-Y., Chen, Y.-Y. and Hwang, C.-L.
2006, Properties of HPC with recycled aggregates.
Cement and Concrete Research, 36, pp. 943-50. D.
Sani, G. Moriconi, G. Fava, V. Corinaldesi,
Leaching and mechanical behaviour of concrete
manufactured with recycled aggregates, Waste
Management 25 (2005), 177-182. I.B. Topcu, S.
Sengel, Properties of concretes produced with
waste concrete aggregate, Cement and Concrete
Research 34 (2004), 1307-1312. R. Zaharieva, F.
Buyle-Bodin, E. Wirquin, Frost resistance of
recycled aggregate concrete, Cement and Concrete
Research 34 (2004), 1927-1932. A. Katz,
Treatments for the improvement of recycled
aggregate, Journal of Materials in Civil
Engineering 16 (2004), 597-603. A.K. Padmini, K.
Ramamurthy, M.S. Mathews, Relative moisture
movement through recycled aggregate concrete,
Magazine of Concrete Research 54 (2002), 377-384.