HFEMANPRINT in Army Aviation Operational Testing

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DOD HFETAG, 6 Nov 07
UNCLASSIFIED
DOD HFETAG TE sub-TAG 6 Nov 07
Human Factors and MANPRINT in Army Aviation
Operational Testing
Josh Kennedy Tim McKnelly ARL-HRED AMCOM
Field Element Redstone Arsenal, AL
UNCLASSIFIED
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Outline

• HREDs roles
• Power of iterative TE
• HF-MANPRINT Eval Playbook
• Cross-walk to TE Docs
• UH-60M Black Hawk
• UH-72A Lakota (LUH)
• CH-47F Chinook
• MANPRINT and DOTMLPF
• FY08 and beyond
• Practical Matters and Lessons Learned

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Banner Year for Army Aviation

• 5 x Operational Tests
• UH-60M Blackhawk (IOT plus 2 excursions)
• CH-47F Chinook IOT Phase 2
• UH-72A Lakota (LUH)
• Represents 2/3 of Armys rotary-wing fleet
  (largest air force in the world)
• HFE-MANPRINT practitioners have been a player in
  planning, executing, and reporting
• Then improving aircraft systems

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HREDs Roles in TE

• By AR 602-2 (MANPRINT)
• By AR 73-1 (TE)
• Per Outline Test Plan (OTP), acted as
• MANPRINT Evaluator (for AEC)
• Human Factors Tester (for OTC)
• SME and on-board flying data collectors (for
  OTC)
• Logged over 100 flight hours
• Emphasis on aircrew performance vs. old-style
  MANPRINT problems

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Power of Iterative TE

• Obvious Iterative HF TE is strongly desired
• Continuous improvements before FRP
• HRED been on these programs since pre-Milestone B
  (or MS II), even SSEB
• Requirements/capabilities generation
• HFE Designer, esp. crew station
• Evaluator (for ATEC)
• Assessor (for G-1)

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Power of Iterative TE

• IOT for UH-60M, CH-47F, and UH-72A and others was
  an extension of long-term relationship with
• PMOs and AMRDEC
• USAAWC CRD and TCMs
• AEC / ATTC / OTC
• Iterative TE effort (DT and OT) on all three
  programs (multiple report and papers)
• UH-60M EUD, LUT, LEUE, pre-IOT, plus CSWG
  efforts
• CH-47F LOUD, IOT, CSWG efforts
• UH-72A SSPD, IOT, post-IOT follow-up

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Crew Station Human Factors Eval Playbook

• Playbook designed to be used iteratively on same
  system (and compared to similar systems)
• Bedford Workload Rating Scale (BWRS)
• Situation Awareness Rating Technique (SART)
• Pilot-Vehicle Interface (PVI)
• Independent expert evaluation (by Army
  performance standards)
• Simulation Only
• Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ)
• Eye tracker Audio/Video collection
• Switch actuation (button press) counts

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MANPRINT in TE Docs

• Major input to SEP and EDP
• IOT is aircrew performance evaluation
• vs. normal HFE problems
• Strong relationship with AST chair and OTC
• Test Report and SER
• HRED prepares write-up for 6-8 criteria (25
  MOPs, MOE and AIs per system)
• Not just writing a paragraph or two
• Major factor in Materiel Release and FRP Decision
  Reviews

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UH-60M IOT MANPRINT

• IOT Sep Dec 06 _at_ FT Hood, TX
• 35 missions, 113 sorties, 254 flt hours
• Excursion 1 Jan 07 HH-60M (MEDEVAC) _at_ FT Rucker
• 5 missions, 10 flt hrs
• Excursion 2 Mar 07 for CMWS, ARC-231
  integration _at_ Rucker
• 3 missions ,6 flt hours

HRED personnel logged over 100 flight hours
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UH-60M Evolution
UH-60A/L Baseline
UH-60M Block I
Block II
UH-60M Upgrade
FUTURE FORCE

• Improved Turbine Engine Program (ITEP)
• Improved Transmission
• FLIR/MMR
• Large Fuel Cell
• Improved ASE
• Composite Airframe

• Digital Cockpit
• Dual Digital Flight Controls
• Fully-Coupled Flt Director
• Wide Chord Blades
• Rotor Brake Provisions
• Folding Composite Stabilator
• Improved Durability Gearbox
• 701D Engine
• IVHMS
• JACS / CMWS

• Fly-by-Wire (FBW) Advanced Flight Controls
• Common Cockpit - Common Avionics Architecture Sys
  (CAAS)
• Full-Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC)
• Composite Tailcone/Driveshaft

• Analog Cockpit
• STD Transmission
• 700 Series Engine

Performance Attributes (4K/95)
External Lift (4500 lbs) Net Ready
External Lift (4500 lbs) Net Ready
External Lift (9000 lbs) Net ready
Today
2008
2010
2013
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UH-60 Program Schedule
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UH-60M Materiel Improvements

• Comments from IOTE and IKPT indicated NVG
  blooming issues
• Solution is to utilize FAA compliant LED in place
  of current position light

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Crew Gunner/Gunner Seat

• BPS armor plate under the
• gunners window limits lower
• extremity range of motion.
• Knees are often painfullywedged against these
  armorplates.
• Seats cannot be adjusted closerto or farther
  away from the window to aid in comfort, gunner
  tasks, and observation.
• Nonrated crewmembers fly forhours on end in
  unpadded seats.

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UH-60M Materiel Improvements

• Anthropometry analysis
• Crew Chief/Gunner seat only accommodates up to
  40th percentile male (knee clearance)
• Solution gt Martin Baker Medical Attendant seat
• Seat on rails and can adjust laterally
• Lower height than existing seats
• More comfortable than existing seats
• 30K per seat (not cheap!)

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UH-72A IOT and MANPRINT

• IOT Feb-Mar 07 _at_ FT Irwin, CA (NTC)
• 11 missions, 18 sorties, 20 flt hours
• Focus on confirming SSPD/SSEB findings
• HRED personnel logged 15 flt hours

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UH-72A KPPs
Net Ready (NR)

• Threshold
• Military Civilian Voice Communications
• 100 voice only communications w/military,
  police, fire and USCG
• Military Civilian navigation
• Objective
• ARC-231 Secure Radio to be integrated into
  aircraft

Performance

• HOGE w/ 906 lb Load at sea level standard day
• Hoist
• Two litter bound patients
• Medical attendant
• Medical equipment

Cabin Size

• 2 Crew
• 6 Passengers Seats
• Cabin Entry/Exit points accommodate 2 standard
  NATO Litters, w/ patients and one medical
  attendant

Survivability

• Threshold
• Meet 1989 FAA Standards for Crashworthy Seats and
  Fuel Tanks
• Objective
• Meet 1994 FAA Standards

Force Protection

• Air Warrior
• Operation of all flight controls throughout range
  of motion while wearing mission specific
  ensemble
• Connections to Microclimate Control Unit (MCU)
  not required

Aircraft Selected Meets or Exceeds All KPPs
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UH-72A Materiel Improvements

• High cockpit and cabin temperature
• In the MEDEVAC two litter configuration due to
  space constraints affecting life saving care and
  equipment storage
• Adequacy, effectiveness of training programs

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High In-Flight Temp
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Extra Ventilation
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ECS Installation

• Follow-up testing of internal temps _at_ NTC (FUE)
  in June, August, then October 2007
• Further customer tests at vendor facility (TX)
• Cost-benefit analysis is key!
• 98K per acft to install on production line

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CH-47F IOT and MANPRINT

• IOT Phase 2 Feb-Mar 07 _at_ FT Campbell, KY
• 9 missions
• 63 flt hours
• HRED personnel logged 15 flt hours
• Demonstrated the capability to perform
  operational heavy-lift cargo missions across the
  continuum of military operations

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CH-47F MANPRINT Efforts

• Maintenance Hazards
• Emergency Egress
• HF for Operational Maintenance efforts

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MANPRINT and DOTMLPF

• OTC CG directed DOTMLPF WG at each IOT
• Concentrate on non-materiel issues
• USAAWC took ownership
• Incorporated into MANPRINT WG
• Great results!
• Over 110 Training, Manpower, and Doctrinal issues
  for all five test events
• Coordinated at the right placeRucker!

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FY08 and Beyond

• UH-60M Upgrade program
• LUT-in-the-SIL March-May 2008
• FOTE 2010
• CH-47F
• DT/OT efforts for fully-couples flight
• UH-72A
• In-house (non-ATTC, OTC) evals of ECS/vents and
  medical equipment package
• ARH-70 (ARH) LUT, IOT
• AH-64D Block 3 LUT, IOT
• ER/MP LUT
• Various REF programs

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Practical Matters

• Funding Line
• Thru OTC from PMOs money
• Or direct from PMO Test Lead
• Direct, long-term relationship with AST Chair,
  OTC Test Officer, and APM-Test
• MANPRINT Assessment
• Issues from IOT feed MANPRINT database
• Facilitated prep of FRP Decision MANPRINT and
  domain assessments

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Lessons Learned

• Operational Tests are all-consuming
• 14hr days norm, few weekends
• Difficulty keeping up with other ACAT 1 programs
• Prepping for CH-47F
• Prepping for UH-72A LUH (MA due, OT in Feb-Apr
  07)
• UH-60M Upgrade (in development with Sikorsky and
  Rockwell-Collins)
• Writing HFEA/MA and TR/SER for UH-60M
• ER/MP UAS, etc.