Cardiac Emergencies

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Cardiac Emergencies

• Cardiovascular System
• Heart Attack
• Caring for a Heart Attack

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Cardiovascular System

• Heart-muscular organ that pumps blood (about the
  size of your fist)
• Blood- carries oxygen nutrients

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Arteries
Carry oxygen- rich blood AWAY from the heart.
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Veins

• Carry oxygen-
• poor blood
• back to the heart.

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Coronary Arteries

• Supply the heart
• muscle with blood

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Heart Attack
When the heart muscle doesnt receive oxygen,
that part of the muscle dies and causes CHEST
PAIN!
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Common cause of Heart Attack

• Cardiovascular Disease
• Leading cause of death for adults in the United
  States
• Nearly 1 million deaths each year

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Signs and Symptoms of a Heart Attack
-Chest pain (1) -Pressure, squeezing or
tightness -Difficulty breathing -Sweating -Nausea
or vomiting -Pale, bluish or moist skin -Changes
in pulse rate
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Heart Attack Victims

• Victims often deny that they are having a heart
  attack or dismiss the pain as indigestion
• Do NOT let this influence youif you think the
  victim is having a heart attack you must act
  FAST.
• Prompt action may prevent cardiac arrest

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Heart Attack

• Pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more
  than 3-5 minutes or that goes away and comes back

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Risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease

• Smoking
• Poor diet (high in fat)
• High blood pressure
• Obesity
• Lack of regular exercise

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Risk Factors
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HYPERTENSION

• High Blood
• Pressure

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Measures High Blood Pressure

• Sphygmomanometer

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Blood Pressure

• Normal- 120/80
• 120 pressure of blood against the artery walls
  when the heart beats
• -- 80 pressure between beats

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Blood Pressure Values

• Normal. Less than 120/80
• Hypertension. 140/90

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Increase in High Blood Pressure
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Causes of HBP

• Genetics
• Obesity
• Lack of physical activity
• Too much salt in the diet
• Too much alcohol consumption (no more than 1 to 2
  drinks per day)
• Stress

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Wheres the SALT?

• Contain high levels of sodium (salt)
• Lunch meats
• Soy sauce
• Canned soups and canned vegetables
• Frozen dinners
• Pickles
• Chinese food
• Potato chips, corn chips

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Symptoms of HBP

• There are NO symptoms or signs of hypertension,
  so you usually don't feel it.
• In fact, nearly 1/3 of those who have
  hypertension don't know it. The only way to know
  if you have hypertension is to have your blood
  pressure checked.

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Health problems associated with HBP

• Stroke
• Heart failure/attack
• Sleep apnea/snoring
• Kidney failure
• Vision problems
• Premature death
• Erectile dysfunction
• baldness

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Reducing the risks

• Eat more fruits and veggies
• Lower salt intake (1 tsp a day)
• Exercise at least 30 minutes a day
• Moderate alcohol consumption (no more than 2
  drinks a day)
• Maintain healthy weight

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Cholesterol
HDL and LDL HDL good LDL bad
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LDL- Bad cholesterol

• Too much LDL in the blood causes a build up

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What LDL does

• it can slowly build up in the inner walls of the
  arteries that feed the heart and brain, forming
  plaque, a thick, hard deposit that can clog those
  arteries

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ATHEROSCLEROSIS

• This condition is known as atherosclerosis. If a
  clot forms and blocks a narrowed artery, it can
  cause a heart attack or stroke. 

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HDL- Good cholesterol

• HDL cholesterol is known as the "good"
  cholesterol
• HDL tends to carry cholesterol away from the
  arteries and back to the liver, where it's passed
  from the body.

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Increasing your HDLs

• Increase the monounsaturated fats in your diet.
• canola oil, avocado oil, or olive oil and in the
  fats found in peanut butter
• Add soluble fiber to your diet.
• oats, fruits, vegetables, and legumes
• at least two servings a day

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What NOT to eat

• Saturated fatty acids - which come from animal
  fats (meat, lard, dairy products) and tropical
  oils such as coconut and palm oils - raise the
  levels of LDL cholesterol.

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NO GOOD FOR YOU

• stick margarines contain the most trans fatty
  acid, tub margarines contain less, and
  semi-liquid margarines contain the least

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Obesity Hazards

• Risk of strokes, diabetes, heart disease, HBP
• Appendicitis
• Arthritis
• Hernia
  

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Need to change our Lifestyle

• 2/3 of Americans are overweight

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Get Healthy NOW

• Cardiovascular disease develops gradually, over
  many years
• Leading a healthy lifestyle now is important for
  future health