Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy

1

• Why did the Renaissance begin in Italy?
• What caused this phenomenon to happen at that
  particular time?
• So what?

2
The Italian Renaissance

• Roughly 1350-1600
• A Rebirth of ..Classical learning Greek and
  Latin
• OR
• Identification with the idea of Europe? In
  opposition to others Africans, Muslims, Turks,
  Asians

3
(No Transcript)
4
Holy Roman Empire (800 or 962 or 1100s)

• Guelphs (papal) and Ghibellines (HRE)

5
Chaotic Background

• Holy Roman Empire
• Avignon Captivity (papacy) 1309 -1378
• Black Death 1348-49
• Constant Warfare of
• Italian principalities

6
Other Considerations

• Trade Strong Cities and Banking
• Later fall of Constantinople (1453)

7
Italian City States

• Milan
• Florence
• Venice
• Papal States
• Naples

8
Firenze / Florence

• Francesco Petrarch 1304-1374 CE
• Giovanni Boccaccio 1313-1375
• Cosimo de' Medici 1389-1464
• Lorenzo de Medici 1449-1492

9
Renaissance Papal objectives

• 1.) reassert the supreme authority of the pope
• 2.) bring about a uniformity of Christian belief
• 3.) recover political power of the Papal States
  so that the papacy could remain politically
  neutral
• 4.) protect Christianity from Islam, primarily by
  driving the Ottoman Turks out of Europe and
  freeing Constantinople.

10
Renaissance Popes

• Martin V (r. 1417-31) re-established papal
  control over Rome Papal States
• Nicholas V (r. 1447-1455) establishes Vatican
  Library with 1,200 volumes
• Pius II (r. 1458-1464) earlier a humanist
  scholar devotes self to preserve Roman
  structures
• Sixtus IV (r. 1471-1484) active in politics,
  trying to make Papal States more powerful and
  advance his family
• Alexander VI (r. 1492-1503) member of Borgia
  family, promoted their interests BULL OF POPE
  ALEXANDER VI. PARTITIONING AMERICA 1493 Treaty
  of Tordesillas 1494.
• Julius II (r. 1503-1513) the Warrior Pope, led
  papal armies against French and Venetians

11
Alexander VI

• Rodrigo Borgia
• Lucretia

12
How does this lead to the Renaissance part?

• Legitimization of rule though civic improvements
  led to patronage of art, literature, scholarship,
  
• Religious art and endowments to make up for usury
• Continuing connections because of trade and war.

13
Cultural Impact

• Philosophy NeoPlatonism
• Education Humanism
• Literature in vernacular (Dante)
• Music http//www.pbm.com/lindahl/del/misc/multim
  edia.html
• Sculpture Classical Realism
• Painting Perspective, chiaroscuro
• Architecture Domes and Cathedrals
• Science experiments, alchemy

14
Humanism

• Mixing present (1300s) society and worldview with
  the works and thoughts of the ancient world,
  especially Cicero.
• Focus on Civic Virtue

15
Neo Platonism

• Synthesis of Christianity with classical
  philosophy and other belief systems.
• A variety of philosophies and cultural
  activities, such as literature, painting, and
  music.

16
Sculpture

• David
• by
• Donatello
• c.1408
• and
• Michelangelo
• c. 1500

17
Painting
St. Jerome translator of the Gospels (Vulgate
Bible) Ghirlandaio1480
Lady with an Ermine 1480s
La Gioconda 1503 to 1505
18
(No Transcript)
19
Architecture

• Milan Duomo (cathedral) 1380s-1800
• Brunelleschi's Dome on Florence Cathedral
• (Santa Maria del Fiore) 1420s

20
(No Transcript)
21
Science
22
luomo universale

• refined taste, ease of manner, manly pursuits,
  knowledge of classics, history, philosophy
  appreciation for music, painting, architecture,
  and sculpture. Connoisseur of all things rare
  and beautiful, but not excessively so. Education
  of the mind and body.
• Loosely translated as complete man
• modern term for this kind of person?

23
(No Transcript)