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• Belladonna leaves.
• Common names
• Description plant origin
• Constituents
• Atropine
• Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine and scopolamine
• Medications
• Drug interactions
• Contra-indications

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Thin, long- pointed
Black cherry
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Dr. Jaradat.N.A
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Flowers pale purple
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Dr. Jaradat.N.A
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Black cherry
Dr. Jaradat.N.A
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Flowers pale purple
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Dr. Jaradat.N.A
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Black cherry
Purple flower
Belladonnine toxic alkaloid
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• Belladonna leaves
• Deadly night shade leaves
• Black Cherry leaves
• Folia Belladonnae
• Atropa belladonna
• FamilySolanaceae

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• Belladonna gained its name during the Middle
  Ages, when beautiful young women used it to
  dilate their pupils.

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• Perennial herbaceous plant (1m)height
• Flowers pale purple .
• Fruits black (black cherry).
• The leaves are thin, long- pointed .
• Odor odorless .
• Taste bitter.
• Native land Central and Southern Europe .

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Chemical constituents

• Alkaloids tropane group (0.4)
• Atropine
• Hyoscyamine
• Scopolamine
• Hyoscine

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Atropine

• Dry as a bone, blind as a bat, red as a beet, and
  mad as a hatter.

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• OverdosageThe following side effects are usually
  warning signs of overdose 1.red skin
• 2. dry mouth. 3.abnormally fast heartbeat.
  4.prolonged pupil dilation. 5.inability to focus.
  6. overheating due to reduction of perspiration.
  7. difficult urination. 8.severe constipation.
• High doses lead to symptoms such as restlessness,
  compulsion to talk, hallucinations, delirium, and
  manic attacks followed by sleep.

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• Doses of 5 to 50 grams (about 1 teaspoon to 3
  tablespoons) can prove fatal for adults.
• Much smaller doses are fatal in children.
• Death usually results from asphyxiation.

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Pharmacological effects Uses

• 1- Atropine anticholinergic agent
• a)

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• b) Antispasmodic decrease intestinal
  hyper motility .
• c) Pupil dilator (mydriasis effect ) in
  the eyes surgery and in the eyes examinations .
• d) Parasympatholytic agent antidote in
  case of poisoning from
• 1- pilocarpine
• 2-physostigmine
• 3-organophosphate insecticides.
• 4- Treatment of Intoxication by Amanita
  muscaria (toxic Mushroom).
• e) CNS stimulant (very dangerous to be used as
  CNS stimulant).

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• 2- Scopolamine (CNS depressant ) treatment of
  motion sickness (nausea vomiting
  ).antimuscarinic agent.
• 3- Hyoscyamine control gastric secretions
  intestinal hyper motility in
  treatment of peptic ulcer and colic's .
• 4- hyoscine sedative effect used in case
• of colic's (renal and intestinal colic's )

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DrugsAtropine sulphate(Teva)1mg
amp.a)reduction of salivation bronchial
secretions. b)poisons toxic gases antidote c)
before surgical operations to reduce secretions.

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• Bilacton Trima Dragees Cascara bark
  Frangula bark Belladonna dry extract.
• Indications Constipation including chronic and
  acute.

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• Laxative Trima Dragees Aloin Aloe vera
  powder Ipecac Belladonna dry extract
• Indications Constipation.
• Laxative Comp Teva Tablets Aloin Aloe vera
  powder pulv. Ipecac Belladonna dry extract
• Laxative effect.

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• Possible Drug InteractionsBelladonna can
  increase the side effects of the following drugs
  
• I. Amantadine (Paritrel- Trima-Dragees).
• 1. Dopaminergic agent/Parkinsons disease.
• 2.Viral replication inhibitor/ Prophylaxes and
  tmt of influenza.
• II. Quinidine class 1 anti-arrhythmic agent
  (Quiniduran -Teva/ Quinidine sulphateTrima-Tab.
  )
• III. Tricyclic antidepressant medications such as
  Imipramine- Tofranil- Novartis-Tabs

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• CONTRA-INDICATIONSAtropine is contra-indicated
  in patients with prostatic enlargement and
  glaucoma.

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• The best dose of Atropine before surgical
  operations
• Children
• (above 1 year of age)0,010 mg 0,020 mg/kg body
  mass.
• Adults
• 0,3 mg 0,6 mg I.M., about one hour before
  anaesthesia.  

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