Today

1
Today

• Exam 2 Question Answer

2
CH. 8

• Each individual chromosome is composed of
• A) 4 arms
• B) sister chromatids
• C) homologous strands of DNA
• D) daughter cells

3

• If A cell has a diploid number of 10 (2n10), how
  many chromosomes will be present in each of the
  daughter cells after mitosis?
• A) 0
• B) 20
• C) 10
• D) 5

4

• Eukaryotic cells spend most of their cell cycle
  in which phase?  
• A) interphase  
• B) prophase  
• C) metaphase  
• D) anaphase  
• E) telophase

5

• During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes
  line up on a plane located equidistant from the
  two spindle poles?  
• A) interphase  
• B) prophase  
• C) metaphase  
• D) anaphase  
• E) telophase

6

• Synapsis occurs during which phase of meiosis?
• prophase I
• anaphase I
• prophase II
• S phase of interphase

7

• If A cell has a diploid number of 10 (2n10), how
  many chromosomes will be present in each daughter
  cell at the end of meiosis?
• A) 0
• B) 5
• C) 10
• D) 20

8
CH. 9

• Varieties of plants in which self-fertilization
  produces offspring that are identical to the
  parents are referred to as  
• A) hybrids.  
• B) the F2 generation.  
• C) monohybrid crosses.  
• D) independent crosses.  
• E) true-breeding.

9

• Alleles of a gene are found at __________
  chromosomes.  
• A) the same locus on homologous mitochondrial  
• B) the same locus on heterologous  
• C) different loci on homologous  
• D) different loci on heterologous  
• E) the same locus on homologous

10

• Which principle of inheritance concluded that
  when gametes are formed in meiosis, the two
  alleles of each gene separate from one another
  and each gamete receives only one allele?
• A)principle of segregation
• B)principle of heterozygosity
• C)principle of independent assortment
• D)principle of dominance

11

• The phenotypic ratio resulting from a dihybrid
  cross showing independent assortment is expected
  to be  
• A) 121.  
• B) 31.  
• C) 9113.  
• D) 3991.  
• E) 9331.

12

• Using a six-sided die, what is the probability of
  rolling either a 5 or a 6?  
• A) 1/6 x 1/6 1/36  
• B) 1/6 1/6 1/3  
• C) 1/6 1/6 2/3  
• D) 1/6 1/6 1/12

13

• Genes located close together on the same
  chromosomes are referred to as __________ genes
  and generally __________.  
• A) associated . . . sort independently during
  meiosis  
• B) linked . . . sort independently during meiosis
   
• C) homologous . . . are inherited together  
• D) linked . . . do not sort independently during
  meiosis

14

• Individual features of all organisms are the
  result of  
• A) genetics.  
• B) the environment.  
• C) genetics and cytoplasmic determinants.  
• D) the environment and individual needs.  
• E) genetics and the environment.

15
CH. 10

• The monomers of DNA and RNA are amino acids.  
• A) true
• B) false

16

• The transfer of genetic information from DNA to
  RNA is called  
• A) translation.  
• B) transcription.  
• C) initiation.  
• D) elongation.  
• E) promotion.

17

• Consider the following sentence "The dog did not
  eat." Which one of the following variations of
  this sentence is most like a reading frame
  mutation?  
• A) The dog dog did not eat.  
• B) The did dog not eat.  
• C) The dod idn ote at.  
• D) The did not eat.  
• E) The dog did dog did not eat.

18

• Transformation  
• A) is the direct transfer of DNA from one
  bacterium to another.  
• B) occurs when a bacterium acquires DNA from the
  surrounding environment.  
• C) is the result of crossing over.  
• D) occurs when a phage transfers bacterial DNA
  from one bacterium to another.  
•  

19
CH. 11

• The control of gene expression is more complex in
  multicellular eukaryotes than in prokaryote
  because
• A) eukaryotic cells are much smaller.
• B) in a multicellular eukaryote, different cells
  are specialized for different functions.
• C) eukaryotes have fewer genes.
• D) eukaryotic genes code for proteins.

20

• Dense packing of DNA in chromosomes prevents gene
  expression
• A) by splicing segments of RNA in different
  places
• B) by modifying protein stability
• C) by changing how long mRNA lasts in the cell
• D) by physically blocking access to segments of
  DNA that RNA polymerase would attach to.

21

• The tortoiseshell pattern on a cat  
• A) usually occurs in males.  
• B) is the result of a homozygous recessive
  condition.  
• C) results from X chromosome inactivation.  
• D) is a result of alleles on the Y chromosome.  
• E) None of the choices are correct.

22

• The coding regions of a gene (the portions that
  are expressed as polypeptide sequences) are
  called  
• A) introns.  
• B) exons.  
• C) redundant coding sections.  
• D) proto-oncogenes.  
• E) nucleosomes.

23

• Alternative RNA splicing enables a single gene to
  encode more than one kind of polypeptide
• A) by allowing different combinations of exons
  appear in the RNA transcript.
• B) by allowing different combinations of introns
  appear in the RNA transcript.
• C) by taking out all exons and leaving only
  introns in the RNA transcript.
• D) by inserting genes into the cells DNA.

24

• Your bone cells, muscle cells, and skin cells
  look different because
• A) each cell contains different kinds of genes.
• B) they are present in different organs.
• C) different genes are active in each kind of
  cell.
• D) each cell has different mutations.

25

• In a prokaryote, a group of genes with related
  functions, along with their associated control
  sequences, defines  
• A) an allele.  
• B) an operon.  
• C) a locus.  
• D) a transposon.  
• E) a chromosome.

26

• The lac operon of E. coli is __________ when the
  repressor is bound to lactose.  
• A) active  
• B) inactive  
• C) elongated  
• D) cloned  
• E) unregulated

27

• Which of the following is a valid difference
  between embryonic stem cells and the stem cells
  found in adult tissues?
• A) In laboratory culture, only adult stem cells
  are immortal.
• B) In nature, only embryonic stem cells give rise
  to all the different types of cells in organisms.
• C) Only adult stem cells can differentiate in
  culture.
• D) Only embryonic stem cells are found in every
  tissue of the adult body

28

• Which of the following are possible uses of
  reproductive cloning?  
• A) the production of genetically identical
  animals for experimentation  
• B) the production of potentially valuable drugs  
• C) the production of organs in pigs for
  transplant into humans  
• D) the improvement of the quality of farm animals
   
• E) All of the choices are correct.

29

• A homeotic gene  
• A) turns on the genes necessary for synthesis of
  proteins.  
• B) serves as a master control gene that functions
  during embryonic development by controlling the
  developmental fate of groups of cells.  
• C) represses gene transcription.  
• D) produces a product that controls the
  transcription of other genes.  

30

• The carcinogen known to cause the most cases of
  cancer is  
• A) plutonium.  
• B) ultraviolet light.  
• C) alcohol.  
• D) salt.  
• E) tobacco.

31
Ch.12 DNA Technology

• Restriction enzymes  
• A) edit proteins.  
• B) cut DNA at specific sites.  
• C) stop transcription.  
• D) bind together strands of DNA.  
• E) bind RNA fragments together.

32

• When a typical restriction enzyme cuts a DNA
  molecule, the cuts are uneven, so that the DNA
  fragments have single-stranded ends. These ends
  are useful in recombinant DNA work because
• A) they enable a cell to recognize fragments
  produced by the enzyme.
• B) they serve as starting points for DNA
  replication.
• C) the fragments will bond to other fragments
  with the complementary strand.
• D) they enable the researchers to use the
  fragments as molecular probes.

33

• DNA fingerprints used as evidence in a murder
  trail look something like supermarket bar codes.
  This pattern of bars in a DNA fingerprint shows
• A) the order of bases of a particular gene.
• B) the presence of various-sized fragments from
  chopped-up DNA.
• C) The presence of dominant or recessive alleles
  for particular traits.
• D)the order of genes along particular
  chromosomes.

34

• Retroviruses such as HIV use __________ to
  convert information stored in their RNA to
  information stored in DNA.  
• A) DNA ligase  
• B) reverse transcriptase  
• C) a restriction enzyme  
• D) a terminator enzyme  
• E) RNA polymerase

35

• A vaccine works by harmlessly 
• A) inhibiting bacterial replication.  
• B) stimulating the immune system.  
• C) inhibiting viral replication.  
• D) preventing the translation of mRNA.  

36

• Bacteria are a good choice for cloning a foreign
  gene because
• bacteria reproduce rapidly
• bacteria are relatively simple organisms.
• bacteria take up foreign DNA easily.
• All of the above.

37

• Which of the three modes of gene transfer common
  in bacteria is used by scientists to introduce a
  gene into a bacterial cell?
• A) conjugation
• B) replication
• C) transformation
• D) transduction

38

• A nucleic acid probe is  
• A) a virus that transfers DNA to a recipient
  cell.  
• B) a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is
  used to locate a specific gene.  
• C) an enzyme that locates a specific restriction
  site on RNA.  
• D) a promoter site that is associated with a
  specific set of genes.

39

• A collection of DNA fragments that is obtained
  from the genome of one organism, inserted by
  recombinant DNA techniques into the genome of a
  host organism (one fragment per host genome), and
  maintained there is called a  
• A) DNA collection.  
• B) genomic library.  
• C) DNA file.  
• D) gene bank.  
• E) vector battery.

40

• Gel electrophoresis sorts DNA molecules on the
  basis of their  
• A) nucleotide sequence.  
• B) solubility in water.  
• C) ability to bind to mRNA.  
• D) solubility in the gel.  
• E) size.

41

• If you commit a crime, you need to make sure that
  you do not leave even the smallest speck of
  blood, hair, etc., from your body behind because
  if you do, the DNA in this material can be
  amplified by __________, subjected to genetic
  analysis, and used to identify you as the
  perpetrator of the crime.  
• A) ATP  
• B) PCR  
• C) blotting  
• D) RFLP  
• E) reverse transcriptase

42

• Which one of the following is not a significant
  issue regarding the creation of genetically
  modified (GM) organisms?  
• A) The production of "hybrid" plants containing
  genes from several varieties has not been done
  before.  
• B) Allergens may be transferred in the process of
  producing GM organisms.  
• C) Rogue microbes might transfer dangerous genes
  into other organisms.  
• D) Transgenic plants might pass their new genes
  to close relatives.  
• E) All of the choices are significant issues
  regarding the creation of genetically modified
  (GM) organisms.