Terrestrial Services in frequency bands shared with Space Services

1
Terrestrial Services in frequency bands shared
with Space Services
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Borislav Rackov
• update of the presentation of Messrs. W. Frank
  and R. Zoric at the BR Seminar (Geneva, 2002).

2
Overview
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Introduction
• Regulatory provisions
• Frequency allocation aspects
• Coordination aspects
• Technical criteria and examination aspects
• ITU-R references concerning coordination and
  sharing
• Conclusion

3
Introduction I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Frequency allocations to two or more
  radiocommunication services in the same frequency
  band
• Efficient and effective operation of all
  radiocommunication services
• Terrestrial and space radiocommunication services
  share frequency bands mainly above 1 GHZ
• Terrestrial services especially fixed and mobile
  services play an important role

4
Introduction II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Increasing demand for fixed radio links
• Point-to-Point and Point-to-Multipoint radio
  systems
• Wireless access systems and local multipoint
  distribution systems
• Increase in the use of mobile communications
• Need of extending the fixed radio infrastructure
  for mobile networks
• Many fixed and mobile systems are using
  frequencies that are subject to sharing

5
Regulatory provisions
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Radio Regulations (RR)
• Provisions on frequency sharing between
  terrestrial and space services
• Coordination, notification and recording
  procedures for frequency assignments
• Frequency allocation aspects
• Table of Frequency Allocations of Article S5
• Footnotes to Article S5

6
Frequency allocations I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Worldwide co-primary allocation to terrestrial
  and space services
• Example 1 - allocations in the band 2025
  2110 MHZ

7
Frequency allocations II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Regional co-primary allocation to terrestrial and
  space services
• Example 2 - allocations in the band 24.75
  25.25 GHz (in Region 3)

8
Frequency allocations III
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Sub-regional co-primary allocation to terrestrial
  and space services
• Example 3 - allocations in the band 1690
  1700 MHz (allocated by a footnote, (e.g. 5.381))

9
Frequency allocations IV
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Sub-regional allocation to terrestrial and space
  services with a different category of service
• Example 4 - allocations in the band 5725
  5830 MHz (allocated by a footnote, e.g. 5. 451)

10
Coordination aspects
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Special agreements
• Shared use of the spectrum
• Administrations coordinate the proposed usages of
  frequency assignments
• Article 6
• If two or more Member States coordinate the use
  of individual frequencies in any of the frequency
  bands covered by Article 5 before notifying the
  frequency assignments concerned, they shall in
  all appropriate cases inform the Bureau of such
  coordination
• RR and ITU-R Recommendations provide guidance to
  administrations to facilitate the coordination
  process

11
Coordination graphical illustration of terms
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
Coordination area
Coordination distance
Coordination contour
Administration A
Administration B
12
Coordination special terms and definitions I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• 1.171 coordination area
• When determining the need for coordination, the
  area surrounding an earth station sharing the
  same frequency band with terrestrial stations, or
  surrounding a transmitting earth station sharing
  the same bidirectionally allocated frequency band
  with receiving earth stations, beyond which the
  level of permissible interference will not be
  exceeded and coordination is therefore not
  required.
• 1.172 coordination contour  
• The line enclosing the coordination area.

13
Coordination special terms and definitions II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• 1.173 coordination distance
• When determining the need for coordination, the
  distance on a given azimuth from an earth station
  sharing the same frequency band with terrestrial
  stations, or from a transmitting earth station
  sharing the same bidirectionally allocated
  frequency band with receiving earth stations,
  beyond which the level of permissible
  interference will not be exceeded and
  coordination is therefore not required.
• Term permissible interference refers to the
  observed or predicted interference which complies
  with quantitative interference and sharing
  criteria contained in the RR or in ITU-R
  Recommendations or in special agreements.

14
Coordination Particular provisions I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Article 9 - basic provisions applicable to
  stations of the terrestrial services 9.16, 9.18,
  9.19 and 9.21 

• Article 9 - basic provisions applicable to
  stations of the terrestrial services 9.16, 9.18,
  9.19 and 9.21 
• Coordination shall be effected for 
• a transmitting station of a terrestrial service
  for which the requirement to coordinate is
  included in a footnote to the Table of Frequency
  Allocations (5.xxx) referring to No. 9.11A and
  which is located within the coordination area of
  an earth station in a non-geostationary-satellite
  network (9.16) 

15
Coordination Provision 9.16
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
NGSO
Coordination area
TX
5.xxx ref.to 9.11A
Administration A
Administration B
16
Coordination Particular provisions II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Article 9 - basic provisions applicable to
  stations of the terrestrial services 9.16, 9.18,
  9.19 and 9.21 

• Article 9 - basic provisions applicable to
  stations of the terrestrial services 9.16, 9.18,
  9.19 and 9.21 
• Coordination shall be effected for 
• any transmitting station of a terrestrial service
  in frequency bands above 100 MHz allocated with
  equal rights to space and terrestrial services
  within the coordination area of an earth station,
  in respect of this earth station, with the
  exception of the coordination under Nos. 9.16 and
  9.19 (9.18)  

17
Coordination Provision 9.18
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
Coordination area
TX
f gt 100 MHz
Administration A
Administration B
18
Coordination Particular provisions III
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Article 9 - basic provisions applicable to
  stations of the terrestrial services 9.16, 9.18,
  9.19 and 9.21 

• Article 9 - basic provisions applicable to
  stations of the terrestrial services 9.16, 9.18,
  9.19 and 9.21 
• Coordination shall be effected for 
• any transmitting station of a terrestrial service
  in a frequency band shared on an equal primary
  basis with the broadcasting-satellite service,
  with respect to typical earth stations included
  in the service area of a space station in the
  broadcasting-satellite service (9.19) 

19
Coordination Provision 9.19
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
BSS primary
Service area
Typical earth station
TX
PRIMARY
Administration B
Administration A
20
Coordination Particular provisions IV
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Article 9 - basic provisions applicable to
  stations of the terrestrial services 9.16, 9.18,
  9.19 and 9.21 

• Article 9 - basic provisions applicable to
  stations of the terrestrial services 9.16, 9.18,
  9.19 and 9.21 
• Coordination shall be effected for 
• any station of a service for which the
  requirement to seek the agreement of other
  administrations is included in a footnote (such
  as 5.410 and 5.447) to the Table of Frequency
  Allocations referring to No. 9.21.
• the frequency assignments to be taken into
  account in effecting coordination are identified
  using the principles of Appendix 5 to the RR  

21
Coordination Provision 9.21
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
TX
5.xxx ref.to 9.21
RX
Administration A
Administration B
22
Coordination identifying administrations I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Application of No. 9.21
• Agreement of an administration may be required
  with respect to
• the frequency assignments in the same frequency
  band as the planned assignment
• pertaining to the same service or to another
  service to which the band is allocated with equal
  rights or a higher category of service
• which may affect or be affected, as appropriate,
  and which are also listed in Appendix 5.
• Level of interference shall be determined using
  the method referred to in Table 5-1 of App. 5
  which is appropriate to the particular case.

23
Coordination identifying administrations II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• WRC-2000 revised major parts of the tables of
  Appendix 5 (complete revision of Appendix 7 on
  the determination of the coordination area)
• A frequency assignment is considered to affect or
  be affected and coordination must be sought under
  the procedure of Article 9, if
• - the threshold levels given in Table 5-1 are
  exceeded
• - the condition specified in Table 5-1 is
  applicable.

24
Coordination Not to be effected I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• No coordination of a terrestrial assignment in
  cases
• when the use of a new frequency assignment will
  not cause or suffer in respect of any service of
  another administration, an increase in the level
  of interference above the treshold calculated in
  accordance with the method referred to in Tables
  5-1 or
• when the characteristics of a new or a modified
  frequency assignment are within the limits of
  those of a frequency assignment which has
  previously been coordinated or
• to change the characteristics of an existing
  assignment in such a way as not to increase the
  interference to or from, as appropriate, the
  assignments of other administrations or

25
Coordination Not to be effected II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
- to bring into use an assignment to a
terrestrial station which is located, in relation
to an earth station, outside the coordination
area of that earth station or - to bring into
use an assignment to a terrestrial station within
the coordination area of an earth station
(proposed assignment to a terrestrial station is
outside any frequency band coordinated for
reception by that earth station).
26
Coordination Calculation of coordination area I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• WRC-2000 finalization of the new Appendix 7
• Determination of the coordination area around a
  transmitting or receiving earth station that is
  sharing spectrum in frequency bands between 100
  MHz and 105 GHz with terrestrial services or with
  earth stations operating in the opposite
  direction of transmission
• Appendix 7
• Procedures and system parameters for calculating
  an earth stations coordination area, including
  predetermined distances. Determination of
  distance in all azimuthal directions around a
  transmitting or receiving earth station (replaces
  the former Article 27 procedures).

27
Coordination Calculation of coordination area II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Basic concept based on two propagation modes
• Propagation mode (1) propagation phenomena in
  clear air (tropospheric scatter, ducting, layer
  reflection/refraction, gaseous absorption and
  site shielding). These phenomena are confined to
  propagation along the great-circle path.
• Propagation mode (2)
• hydrometeor scatter.

28
Coordination Calculation of coordination area III
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
29
Coordination Calculation of coordination area IV
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Tables 7 and 8 of Annex 7 to Appendix 7 system
  parameters required for the determination of
  coordination distances for different frequency
  bands and different services
• method to be used in the table directs the
  user to the appropriate section of the main body
  of Appendix 7 which describes the methods to be
  used for determination of the coordination area.
• Appendix 7 also provides information on
  predetermined coordination distances, which are
  applicable under certain sharing situations.

30
Notification and recording of assignments I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Notices shall reach the Radiocommunication Bureau
  not earlier than three years before the
  assignments are brought into use (11.25). 
• Bureau examines notices with respect
• to their conformity with the Table of Frequency
  Allocations including the successful application
  of No. 9.21, when necessary, and with the other
  provisions of the RR as identified and included
  in the Rules of Procedure (11.31).
• to their conformity with the procedures relating
  to coordination with other administrations
  applicable to the radiocommunication service and
  the frequency band concerned (11.32).

31
Notification and recording of assignments II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Favourable finding
• Assignment recorded in the Master Register
  indicating the administrations with which the
  coordination procedure has been completed.
• Unfavourable finding
• Notice returned to the notifying administration,
  with an indication of the appropriate action
  (11.37).

32
Technical criteria and examination aspects
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Terrestrial station may interfere
• with satellite services that use transmission in
  the direction from Earth-to-space (up-link)
• with satellite services that use transmission in
  the direction from space-to-Earth (downlink)
• with satellite services that use transmission in
  the directions from space-to-Earth and from
  Earth-to-space (bidirectional), including also
  inter-satellite links.

33
Technical criteria Geographical separation
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• WRC-2000 revised Article 21 and introduced
  several changes
• Article 21 provides, inter alia, some guidance on
  
• - the choice of sites and frequencies as well as
• - on power limits applicable to terrestrial
  stations in frequency bands above 1 GHz
• Sites and frequencies shall be selected having
  regard to the relevant ITU-R Recommendations with
  respect to geographical separation between earth
  stations and terrestrial stations (21.1).

34
Technical criteria Separation angle
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• As far as practicable, sites for transmitting
  stations, in the fixed or mobile service,
  employing e.i.r.p. exceeding the values given in
  the table 21-1 in the frequency bands indicated,
  should be selected so
• that the direction of maximum radiation of any
  antenna will be separated from the
  geostationary-satellite orbit by at least the
  angle in degrees shown in the table taking into
  account the effect of atmospheric refraction ( as
  given in the most recent version of
  recommendation ITU-R SF.765) (21.2).

35
Technical criteria General power limits
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Frequency bands above 15 GHz (except
  25.25-27.5 GHz)
• no restriction on the angular separation for
  transmitting stations of the fixed or mobile
  service
• is being studied in ITU-R.
• In the shared bands, the following general power
  limit applies
• The maximum equivalent isotropically radiated
  power (e.i.r.p.) of a station in the fixed or
  mobile service shall not exceed 55 dBW. (21.3)

36
Technical criteria e.i.r.p. limitations
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Where compliance with No. 21.2 for frequency
  bands between 1 and 10 GHz is impracticable, the
  maximum e.i.r.p. of a station in the fixed or
  mobile service shall not exceed
• 47 dBW in any direction within 0.5 of the
  geostationary-satellite orbit or
• 47 dBW to 55 dBW, on a linear decibel scale (8
  dB per degree), in any direction between 0.5 and
  1.5 of the geostationary-satellite orbit, taking
  into account the effect of atmospheric refraction
  (21.4).

37
Technical criteria Power to the antenna I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Power delivered by a transmitter to the antenna
  of a station in the fixed or mobile service shall
  not exceed
• 13 dBW in frequency bands between 1 and 10 GHz,
• 10 dBW in frequency bands above 10 GHz (21.5).
• Exception the power of each RF carrier
  frequency delivered to the input of each antenna
  of a station in the fixed service in the band
  18.6-18.8 GHz shall not exceed 3 dBW (21.5A).
• The limits given in Nos. 21.2, 21.3, 21.4, 21.5
  and 21.5A apply, where applicable, to the
  services and frequency bands indicated in the
  table 21-2.

38
Technical criteria Power to the antenna II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea
39
Technical criteria Transhorizon systems
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• In some parts of the spectrum, particular
  attention should be given to the sharing
  difficulties in the application of transhorizon
  systems.
• Systems in the 1 700-1 710 MHz, 1 980-2 010 MHz,
  2 025-2 110 MHz and 2 200-2 290 MHz bands may
  exceed the limits given in Nos. 21.3 and 21.5,
  but Nos. 21.2 and 21.4 should be observed.
  Considering difficult sharing conditions with
  other services number of transhorizon systems in
  these bands should be kept to a minimum (21.7).

40
Some ITU-R references I
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Large number of Resolutions and Recommendations
  contained in Volumes 3 and 4 of the RR and in the
  different series of ITU-R Recommendations deal
  with particular coordination and sharing aspects.
• Supporting tool to administrations when
  considering the coordination of terrestrial
  stations in the shared frequency bands.

41
Some ITU-R references II
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Recommendations dealing with coordination of
  fixed service stations with mobile satellite
  service stations
• Recommendation ITU-R F.1245 Mathematical
  model of average radiation patterns for
  line-of-sight point to point radio-relay system
  antennas for use in certain coordination studies
  and interference assessment in the frequency
  range from 1 to about 40 GHz
• Recommendation ITU-R M.1141 Sharing in the 1-3
  GHz frequency range between non-geostationary
  space stations operating in the mobile-satellite
  service and stations in the fixed service.

42
Some ITU-R references III
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Recommendation ITU-R M.1142 Sharing in the 1-3
  GHz frequency range between geostationary space
  stations operating in the mobile-satellite
  service and stations in the fixed service.
• Recommendation ITU-R M.1143 System specific
  methodology for coordination of non-geostationary
  space stations (space-to-Earth) operating in the
  mobile-satellite service with the fixed service.
• Recommendation ITU-R M.1319 The basis of a
  methodology to assess the impact of interference
  from a time division multiple access/frequency
  division multiple access (TDMA/FDMA)
  non-geostationary/orbit mobile-satellite service
  (non-GSO MSS) satellite system operating in the 2
  GHz range on the performance of line-of-sight
  fixed service receivers.

43
Some ITU-R references IV
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Recommendation ITU-R F.1108 Determination of
  the criteria to protect fixed service receivers
  from the emissions of space stations operating in
  non-geostationary orbits in shared frequency
  bands.
• Recommendation ITU-R F.699 Reference
  radiation patterns for line-of-sight radio-relay
  system antennas for use in coordination studies
  and interference assessment in the frequency
  range from 1 to about 40 GHz.
• Technical guidance and planning tool
• Recommendation ITU-R F.1335 could be considered
  when planning the transition of FS systems from
  the bands 1 980-2 010 MHz and 2 170-2 200 MHz in
  all three Regions, and 2 010-2 025 MHz and
  2 160-2 170 MHz in Region 2

44
Conclusion
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea

• Keys for achieving successful coordination
• Availability of detailed technical
  characteristics, detailed terrain data along the
  radio path
• Application of agreed coordination
  procedures/principles and recommended
  coordination tools or procedures
• International/regional harmonization activities
• Frequency assignment data recorded in the ITU
  Master International Frequency Register
• Procedures and regulatory provisions approved by
  the administrations of Member States of the ITU
• Recommendations developed by the ITU membership
• Tools made available to the ITU membership
• Bilateral and multilateral activities.

45
T h e e n d
BR Regional Radiocommunication Seminar,
17-21November 2003 Jeju-Do, Republic of Korea