A Design Tool for Meeting the 2030 Challenge:

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A Design Tool for Meeting the 2030
Challenge Measuring CO2, Passive Performance,
and Site Use Intensity
Murray Milne UCLA Department of Architecture and
Urban Design milne_at_ucla.edu
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What is the 2030 Challenge
Buildings currently are responsible for 48 of
all energy consumption and greenhouse gas
emissions. Ed Mazria, the AIA, the USGBC, ASHRAE,
IES, DOE and others established the goal of
making buildings Carbon Neutral by 2030. They
also established the goal that by 2010 all
buildings should reduce their energy consumption
by 50. To do this Mazria says all design tools
should include a performance feedback box to
show how close each design change gets toward
that goal.
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HEED (Home Energy Efficient Design) Already
Displays this Information
HEED calculates all the information needed for
the 2010 goal. HEED works for all kinds of homes
or apartments or condos. HEED works in over 1000
climates. HEED does a fast, powerful hourly heat
balance simulation. HEED lets you design and
compare up to 9 schemes at once and HEED is free
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HEED tries to have the most User-Friendly
Graphic User Interface

• You can draw in your own unique home,
• You can click and drag windows to their correct
  locations
• There is always a coherent building model which
  eliminates errors of omission/duplication
• All results are presented graphically in plots
  and charts for easy comprehension
• You can use HEED without special training

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• Start by giving HEED these four Facts
• Building Type
• Square Footage
• Number of Stories
• Zipcode or Location

then click Next
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• From this, HEED Creates Two Buildings
• Scheme 1 just Meets the California Energy Code
• Scheme 2 is about 30 More Energy Efficient

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How HEED Calculates

• It does an Hourly Heat Balance Calculation for
  all 8760 hours per year, similar to EnergyPlus
• It runs a whole-building analysis, integrating
  loads and systems for a single zone building
• It calculates hourly indoor air temperature
• You can use EnergyPlus Weather (.epw) data for
  any of a thousand different cities
• HEED lets you input your own local utility rates
  and your own local pollution data

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Bar Charts show how each Schemes Electricity and
Fuel COSTS compare
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In this example Scheme 9 includes Long
building Axis running east-west Better window
Glazing and Orientation Energy Star Air
Conditioner and Furnace Super Insulation
Awnings on S and W windows in Summer Operable
night window insulation High Mass stone
fireplace Energy Star Appliances
and reduces total ENERGY COSTS to 800.26 per
year or 50 of Scheme 1
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or you can ask for Site Energy Use in
kBTU/sq.ft.yr
kWhr are multiplied by 3.412 to get kBTU
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and this final design for Scheme 9 reduces
total SITE ENERGYto 27.51 kBTU/sq.ft.yr or 58
of Scheme 1
Still not quite meeting the 50 per year goal
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How HEED Calculates CO2 Production

• Buildings produce CO2 from two sources
  on-site combustion of fuel and off-site
  generation of electricity in coal burning power
  plants or gas fired turbines
• HEED calculates the Fuel burned on-site by
  Furnace, Water Heater, Ovens, and Dryers
• HEED calculates the Electricity used for Lights,
  Air Conditioner, Fans, and Appliances (and
  sometimes Electric Heat Pumps or Furnaces, or
  Electric Water Heaters) converted to fuel
  equivalent at 3.412 BTUs per Watt.

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You can input data from your local Utility or
EPAs E-Grid Program in Pounds of Pollution for
each type of Fuel
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You can input data from your local Utility or
EPAs E-Grid Program in Pounds of Pollution for
each Megawatt Hour
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HEEDs Comparison chart shows how all 9 Schemes
compare, here for CO2
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and it shows numerically how close your design
comes to being Carbon Neutral
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You can also see CO2 data on the Energy Costs bar
charts in Pounds/sq.ft.yr
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this final design for Scheme 9reduces total
CO2 PRODUCTIONto 3.65 lbs/sq.ft.yr (7300
lbs/yr)or 61.1 of Scheme 1
Still not quite meeting the 50 per year goal
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The Energy Efficient Design screen gives a new
way to visualize good performance
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The bar chart shows how many hours/year your home
uses NO energy
Green is a measure of the number of hours per
year of PASSIVE PERFORMANCE
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It also shows a list of the Most Effective
Building Design Strategies for this Climate
10 Most Effective Design Strategies for Very Cold
Snowy Winters, Warm Clear Summers
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On Floor Planner input Your Own House Click and
Drag to fill in the squares
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On Orientation Click and Rotate your house around
to its correct Orientation
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HEED creates a basic set of windows and doors,
but you can add more if you wish
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Click and Drag Windows and Doors onto each
elevation, watching for Overlaps and Omissions
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A Dozen Check Lists let you define your Homes
Construction
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Three Dozen Advanced Evaluation screens show
graphically how schemes compare
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HEED can be downloaded at no cost
from www.aud.ucla.edu/heed Our other Design
Tools can be downloaded from www.aud.ucla.edu/ener
gy-design-tools Contact Murray Milne
at milne_at_ucla.edu The current version of HEED
is funded by the California Public Utilities
Commission. It is being developed by the Energy
Design Tools Group at the UCLA Department of
Architecture, in association with CTG Energetics,
Malcolm Lewis President.
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Validation

• HEED has been validated against DOE-2 and others
  programs, using BESTEST (ASHRAE Standard 140)
• HEED has been validated over four years using a
  pair of full-height test cells
• HEED has been used to redesign multi-family
  housing units and field tests showed it predicted
  peak indoor temperatures to within one degree
• Results are published and posted on our web site

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• Scheme 1
• CODE MINIMUM DESIGN
• Square floor plan
• Equal area of glass on each wall
• Windows tinted if required by code
• No window shading
• Stud and Stucco walls
• Raised wood floor
• .35 air changes per hour infiltration

• Scheme 2
• ENERGY EFFICIENT DESIGN
• Rectangular floor plan facing South
• Most glass on South, least on E W
• Clear glass on South and North
• Overhangs shading South Windows
• High mass walls, exterior insulation
• Slab on grade floor, carpet or tile
• Whole-house Fan, up to 10 air changes
• Depending on Climate

BOTH SCHEMES HAVE THE SAME Floor area, Window
area, Climate, Occupancy Schedules
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• For Scheme 3 click on the Basic Design icon to
  see your various Basic Design options

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For Scheme 2, HEED creates a Basecase Energy
Efficient Home
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The HELP icon provides context-sensitive help for
every screen like a Users Manual
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Advanced Users can change any variable on a dozen
Advanced Data Input screens
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HEED accommodates energy-efficient design
strategies such as natural ventilation,
daylighting, external shading, smart HVAC
controls, thermal mass, passive solar heating,
night flushing, economizer cycles