Assured Mobility and Force Protection

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Assured Mobility and Force Protection At War and
Transforming
BG William McCoy Assistant Commandant, US Army
Engineer School 10 Sept 03
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A Unique CrossroadsA Unique Opportunity
Sept 11 Attack
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom
FUTURE FORCE
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The Catalyst of Transformation Tomorrows Threat

• Multiple Actors State and Non-state
• Multiple Types of Combatants military,
  para-military, guerilla, terrorists, criminals,
  disgruntled populace
• Views the US as predictable, casualty adverse,
  unwilling to engage in close combat, and overly
  reliant on precision technology
• Strategic Pattern prolong the conflict on his
  terms to advance their specific cause -- outlast
  US commitment
• Operational Pattern deny/slow US access, seek
  non-contiguous operations / non-linear lines,
  aggressive information warfare,
• Tactical Pattern
• Adaptive / learning / no rules
• Ready access to peer technology
• Achieves opportunistic overmatch
  hide-strike-hide
• Capitalizes on home-court advantage
• Attacks C2 and Logistics
• Seeks sanctuary to reduce US advantage
• Willingly uses populace to mask and shield
  actions

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Responding to the FutureA Joint Foundation for
Change
Strategic Guidance Assure, Dissuade, Deter, and
Defeat
Future Joint Force Attributes Networked,
Decision Superior, Fully Integrated,
Expeditionary, Decentralized, Adaptable, Lethal
Future Force Characteristics Responsive,
Deployable, Agile, Versatile, Lethal, Survivable,
Sustainable

• Full Spectrum Dominance
• Homeland Security
• Strategic Deterrence
• Major Combat Operations
• Stability Operations

• Defend the US
• Deter Forward
• Swiftly Defeat
• Decisive Defeat
• Other SSCs

• Strategic responsiveness - operational maneuver
  from strategic distances strengthens deterrence
  and preemption
• Promptly responding OF formations conduct entry
  and shaping operations to assure access and set
  conditions for decision
• OF conducts decisive operations, to include
  simultaneous and distributed operations, that
  achieve accelerated decision through overwhelming
  tempo and direct attack of decisive points and
  enemy centers of gravity

The Future Force
The Objective Force
Leader Development
Doctrine
Training
People
Facilities
Leader Development
Doctrine
Training
People
Facilities
Train, Alert, Deploy, Sustain
Joint, Interagency Multi-National
Train, Alert, Deploy, Sustain
Home Station
Factory
UE
UE
UE
UE
UA
UA
FCS
FCS
FCS
FCS
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The Engine of Transformation Key Concepts

• Rapidly Deployable Force Train-Alert-Deploy
• Operational maneuver over strategic distances
• Information Superiority manifested in the COP
• Battle Command on the move
• Simultaneous Rapid Decisive Operations
• Dominant Maneuver at operational and tactical
  levels
• Maneuver Support to enable and protect freedom of
  action
• Assured Mobility to ensure complete freedom of
  maneuver
• Flexible / Tailorable Echelons of Command
• Effects Based Combined Arms Formations
• Full Spectrum Operations
• Network Fires / Effects For Cooperative
  engagement
• Maneuver Sustainment

See First
Understand First
Act First
Finish Decisively
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The Broad Context of Maneuver Support
Maneuver Support Definition Maneuver Support
shapes, leverages, and mitigates the effects of
the operational environment to enable, enhance,
and protect strategic, operational, and tactical
freedom of action.
TACTICAL
OPERATIONAL
STRATEGIC
UA
UEx
RCC
UEy / JTF
Understand Battlespace Environment
Enable Theater Access
Provide Assured Mobility
Deny Enemy Freedom of Action
Enable Force Protection and Security
Engage and Control Populations
Neutralize Hazards and Restore the Environment
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Assured Mobility Interdependent Imperatives
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Azimuth Check

• Weve seen tomorrows threattoday
• Multiple actors state and non-state
• A strategy centered on attrition and challenging
  US resolve
• Asymmetric use of peer technology
• Opportunistic strikes on soft targets
• Use of urban environment / populace to shield
  actions
• An adaptive and learning enemy
• Weve applied tomorrows conceptstoday
• Non contiguous AOs / Non Linear Lines
• Simultaneous Rapid Decisive Operations
• Joint, Interagency, Multinational operations at
  all levelseven the tactical level
• Full Spectrum Operations MCO and SASO
  simultaneously in a give area of operations

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Assured MobilityProven Required Capabilities

• Detection and neutralization of explosive hazards
  in concert with tactical and operational maneuver
• At standoff from the platform
• At standoff from the force -- breach ahead
• All explosive hazards (mines, IEDs, UXOs)
• In open, complex, and urban terrain
• especially urban
• Automated linkages between predict - detect -
  effect - predict

Assessment - We have not enabled the soldier,
platform, or formation with true standoff
detection - The force is not capable of
neutralizing explosive hazards in concert with
maneuver - The hazard problem set is beyond
minesUXOs and IEDs are the major casualty
producer
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Assured MobilityProven Required Capabilities

• Enable mounted maneuver through complex / urban
  terrain
• Enable dismounted small unit maneuver into and
  through urban structures at the point and time of
  their choosing

Assessment - The threat will seek sanctuary in
urban terrain - Our mounted and dismounted force
loses its ability to gain a position of advantage
in complex terrain - The soldier must be able to
create an unexpected avenue of approach - UGVs
are essential to soldier mobility and protection
in urban environment
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Deny Enemy Freedom of Action Proven Required
Capabilities

• Ability to prevent enemy from influencing
  friendly maneuver and movement
• Scalable, tunable, and dynamic sensor-effects
  munitions system (Unattended Sentinel) to
  control
• threat maneuver through an area
• threat access to a critical facility or
  mobility nodes
• From tactical and operational standoff
• System of System to achieve full spectrum of
  complimentary effects lethal to non-lethal

Assessment - The force does not have a viable
means to deny the spectrum of threats freedom of
action - Unattended sentinels with a full range
of effects are essential to preventing his use of
impediments and to denying threat maneuver -
Munitions must include non-lethal / lethal to be
a viable combat multiplier for the commander
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Control Populations / Enable Protection and
SecurityProven Required Capabilities

• Integrated approach to non-lethal effects on
  soldier and platform systems to isolate the full
  spectrum of threats
• Vulnerability assessment tools -- counter-demo
  -- enhance survivability of critical assets
• Small unit protective obstacle systems for rapid
  transitions and critical stationary assets

• Assessment
• - Population centers will continue increase in
  size and numbers
• - We will continue to rely heavily on manpower
  intensive approaches to conduct these operations
• We need to improve non-lethal capabilities to
  provide Commanders a more flexible approach to
  enabling protection and security

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Neutralize Hazards and Restore the
EnvironmentProven Required Capabilities

• Area clearance of explosive hazards
• During MCO in support of APODs / Log facilities
• During SASO in support of restoration
• Battlefield Munitions Destruction
• Includes the full range of explosive hazards
• With minimal risk exposure to soldiers

Assessment - We have improved area
clearancebut, only for contingencies and post
hostilities - We have not enabled the force with
a full spectrum capability that is highly
deployable, modular/scalable, and able to handle
high volume missions efficiently
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The Azimuth Must Remain Centered On

• An integrated approach to C4ISR so all systems
  feed the COPthe power of Information Dominance
  and real time situation awareness may be the 1
  combat multiplier
• IMS must be the cornerstone for denying enemy
  freedom of actionmust provide commander with
  flexible response options for any threat in any
  terrain
• All systems must have an integrated non-lethal
  capability to enable measured, full-scale
  response
• Provide standoff detection and neutralization of
  all explosive hazardswell beyond countermine
• We must explore how to give the soldier a
  position of advantage in complex terrain
  precision structural entry delivered by UGV
• The use of UGVs to reduce soldier exposurebut,
  must have autonomous behaviors to reduce task
  load

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The Soldiers on the Team Must Remain Our Focus
Everything we do, every system we adopt, and
every organization change we make, serves one
purpose to get these soldiers to the fight with
everything we can provide them to accomplish the
mission.
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Back Up Slides
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Our Nations Future
The Objective Force is the Transformation of the
entire United States Army the dedicated efforts
of the entire Army Teamthe Joint community, our
sister Services, industry, academia, DoD, and
Congress are ensuring Transformation succeeds!
The Army at War---and Transforming
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The Requirement to Transform

• Security Challenges of the 21st Century
• Pace and Proliferation of Technology
• Compelling Need to Respond More Rapidly
  Decisively
• Across the Full Spectrum of Military Operations

The Army Has a Non-negotiable Contract with the
American People to Fight Win our Nations Wars
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Threat implications to Maneuver in the COE

• Leverage Obstacles Natural and Man-Made
  Population Centers
• Interrupt US movement and mobility
• Create targets
• Inflict casualties demoralize US soldiers
• Use decoys
• Reseed mines and replace obstacles in previously
  cleared areas
• Employ booby traps
• Maintain chemical/biological threat
• Unconcerned with non-combatant casualties
• Infiltrate and manipulate civilian population

Delay Impede Disrupt Interfere

• Leverage Mobility Asymmetries and Indigenous
  Competencies
• Exploit knowledge of operating area
• Disperse, then converge on high payoff targets
• Create US casualties early and often
• Hide forces in small groups and mask movement
• Attack from concealment
• Infiltrate US bases and civilian population
  centers
• Attack small isolated units
• Attack sustainment facilities and convoys

Attack Kill Injure Destroy
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Assured MobilityLayered/Simultaneous Fundamentals

• PREDICT ACTIONS AND CIRCUMSTANCES
• THAT COULD AFFECT THE ABILITY OF THE
• FORCE TO MAINTAIN MOMENTUM
• USE ISR ASSETS TO DETECT EARLY INDICATORS OF
  IMPEDIMENTS TO BATTLEFIELD MOBILITY IDENTIFY
  ALTERNATIVES AND ESTABLISH SURVEILLANCE
• ACT EARLY TO PREVENT POTENTIAL IMPEDIMENTS TO
  MANEUVER FROM AFFECTING BATTLEFIELD MOBILITY OF
  THE FORCE MONITOR AND PROTECT CLEARED ROUTES
• IF PREVENTION FAILS, DETECT IMPEDIMENTS,
  IDENTIFY ALTERNATIVES AND AVOID DETECTED
  IMPEDIMENTS TO BATTLEFIELD MOBILITY OF THE FORCE
• NEUTRALIZE, REDUCE, OR OVERCOME (BREACH)
  IMPEDIMENTS TO BATTLEFIELD MOBILITY THAT CANNOT
  BE PREVENTED OR AVOIDED
• PROTECT AGAINST EFFECTS

OA ZULU NO GO
OA X-RAY GO
The Force
ACTIONS ARE LAYERED AND OVERLAP IN EXECUTION